Les mesures prises a partir de 1979 pour attenuer la tension entre la production et la consommation d'energie en Chine se concentrent a trois niveaux: la rationalisation de l'economie nationale, la gestion de l'energie et la refonte technique des entreprises centree sur l'economie d'energie (6eme plan quinquennal 1981-85). Objectifs et resultats de la politique energetique. Impact sur l'industrie et les transports. Statistiques, 1978-83. (Economische Voorlichtingsdienst)
This thesis contains five papers studying the economic efficiency and political acceptability of road pricing policies and transport investments in distorted economies. Interactions between the transport market and other distorted markets, such as the labor market, can have a large impact on the welfare effect of a road pricing policy or a transport investment. Many road pricing studies therefore try to incorporate effects from other distorted markets in the analysis. Paper I analyzes how the economic efficiency of a road toll in a distorted economy depends on assumptions about the initial tax system. In the road pricing literature, the welfare effect of a road toll is often found to depend on revenue use. Using a simple general equilibrium model paper I shows that the relative efficiency of marginal revenue recycling policies depends more on assumptions regarding inefficiencies in the initial tax system than on the road toll per se. Paper II studies the effect on welfare, equity and labor supply from a road toll in a commuting population with heterogeneous value of time and endogenous labor supply. When explicitly taking into account that commuters have different value of time, the road toll can increase total labor supply even when the revenues are not recycled back to the commuters. The analysis stresses the importance of recognizing traveler heterogeneity when analyzing congestion pricing. Road pricing policies are often characterized by conflicting interests between different stakeholders and different geographical areas. Papers III and IV study the economic efficiency and political acceptability of pricing and investment policies in different institutional and geographical settings. The main contribution of the papers is to explain how political constraints can lead to inefficient tolling strategies. The papers contribute to the existing literature on political acceptability of road pricing by analyzing the conflict and potential trade-off between political acceptability and economic efficiency. A ...
The taxicab makes a significant contribution to the accessibility of a city, providing a wide range of services across many different socio-geographic groups. This study considers the different functions of the taxi, including its effect on contemporary urban life, and the analytical tools used for its licensing and control.
This note provides an overview of: (i) the threshold used in policy discussions to assess the extent to which users of an infrastructure service have an affordability problem or not for an acceptable level of consumption of the service as defined by international organizations or sometimes national governments; (ii) the average share of resources allocated to each infrastructure subsector for a sample of 90 countries for developing and emerging economies and for 26 European countries, as a proxy for developed countries practice; and (iii) an assessment of this share for consumption quartiles for developing economies and income quintiles for the European economies. It then produces a series of tables of regional averages which could be used to conduct rough benchmarkings of national observations. Discussions of data limitations and suggestions for additional work conclude the note. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Periodic Economic and Social Bulletin of Morocco ; N° 78 ; Periodic Economic and Social Bulletin of Morocco ; Périodiques Bulletin économique et social du Maroc ; Periodic Economic and Social Bulletin of Morocco ; BESM-article_78-01
Among the many virtues associated with short supply chains, the reduction of transport and logistics needs and the use of alternative coordination process are considered as potential positive effects for sustainable transport policies. This article aims at questioning this affirmation by studying different types of short supply chains, in several sectors. To do so, we will study the factors that determine the choices concerning transport and logistics in these chains, using a framework based on the theories of Proximities and Conventions. This will help us understand in which measure the logics and organisations in these chains can or could lead to more sustainable choices concerning transport and logistics, and could be exemplary schemes for sustainable transport policies. ; Les circuits courts, en particulier "de proximité", sont aujourd'hui au coeur des débats. De nombreuses vertus leur sont associées en termes de durabilité, qui en feraient des formes organisationnelles innovantes et exemplaires à promouvoir dans le cadre des politiques publiques, notamment de Transport Durable de Marchandises (PTDM). C'est cette affirmation que nous chercherons à questionner. Pour ce faire, nous étudierons les déterminants des organisations logistiques et de transport propres à ces circuits, grâce à une grille de lecture proximiste et conventionnaliste, afin de comprendre dans quelle mesure les logiques et modalités d'organisation de ces circuits sont ou non effectivement spécifiques et pourraient constituer des exemples à promouvoir dans le cadre des PTDM.
Among the many virtues associated with short supply chains, the reduction of transport and logistics needs and the use of alternative coordination process are considered as potential positive effects for sustainable transport policies. This article aims at questioning this affirmation by studying different types of short supply chains, in several sectors. To do so, we will study the factors that determine the choices concerning transport and logistics in these chains, using a framework based on the theories of Proximities and Conventions. This will help us understand in which measure the logics and organisations in these chains can or could lead to more sustainable choices concerning transport and logistics, and could be exemplary schemes for sustainable transport policies. ; Les circuits courts, en particulier "de proximité", sont aujourd'hui au coeur des débats. De nombreuses vertus leur sont associées en termes de durabilité, qui en feraient des formes organisationnelles innovantes et exemplaires à promouvoir dans le cadre des politiques publiques, notamment de Transport Durable de Marchandises (PTDM). C'est cette affirmation que nous chercherons à questionner. Pour ce faire, nous étudierons les déterminants des organisations logistiques et de transport propres à ces circuits, grâce à une grille de lecture proximiste et conventionnaliste, afin de comprendre dans quelle mesure les logiques et modalités d'organisation de ces circuits sont ou non effectivement spécifiques et pourraient constituer des exemples à promouvoir dans le cadre des PTDM.
