Suchergebnisse

Problem The site of Tall Safut in Jordan was excavated under the direction of Donald Wimmer during the years of 1982-2001. Other than the preliminary reports and encyclopedia articles published by Wimmer, no detailed analysis of the remains and no final reports have been published since the conclusion of excavations in 2001. The site has received only brief mention in other articles and books dealing with archaeology because of its remains dating to the Middle Bronze Age, Late Bronze Age, and Iron Age. However, there is a significant gap in the scholarly understanding of the history of the northern hill country of Central Jordan due to the lack of publication. Safut has significant remains from these time periods, and a detailed analysis of these remains is important for understanding the ancient history of Jordan by placing Safut within its regional and global context. As the northern gateway to the hill country of Central Jordan, Safut had important interactions with local and imperial forces, and this role must be investigated and explicated. Method The research focuses on the stratigraphy of the areas excavated rather than on small finds or other remains, with the ultimate goal of placing the cultural remains from these strata in their regional and global contexts. The stratigraphy of the site was compiled, based on information from the excavation notebooks and pottery dating from each level represented. Since this project offers the benefit of working through the material after the excavation's completion, this site report is organized by archaeological periods excavated. In line with the process that is typically called in archaeology the "comparative" approach, the pottery excavated from the site was compared with that from other sites with known chronologies. After a date was assigned to the sherds, the loci in which they were found were assigned to a particular phase, and from these phases the overall stratigraphy of the site was determined. After the stratigraphy was clarified, the material culture was related to other interregional and intraregional sites, and historical and anthropological insights collated. These insights were brought into focus through the theories of great and little traditions and world-systems theory. The great and little traditions analysis emphasized ritual and agriculture at Safut while world-systems theory focused on Safut's role in the Kingdom of Ammon on the periphery of Assyrian Empire. Results In-depth study and analysis of the site of Tall Safut and its materials, which are housed in various locations, have contributed to the assessment, organization, and detailed analysis of the material finds and phases at Tall Safut. A new stratigraphy for the site was established following the examination of over 3,000 sherds and whole vessels. Material from the Middle Bronze III was identified including ceramics found mainly in the Central Jordan Valley and imports from as far as Cyprus. Architecture and finds from the Late Bronze II and Iron Age IA were observed. Special attention was paid to the Late Bronze Age IIB cultic area where a metal seated figurine was found with parallels in modern day Syria and Lebanon, but likely representing the eponymous founder of Safut indicating a little tradition in ritual at the site separate from the influence of great traditions. Six phases beginning in the Late Iron Age IIB and ending in the Late Iron Age IIC/Persian Period were clarified in the building complex found in Areas B and C. It is during this time that the site grew to a large size and evidence for large-scale agricultural production is evidenced including storage rooms with large pithoi and metal tools. These technological advances and agricultural intensification likely resulted from the impact of the great traditions of the Assyrian Empire on the little traditions of the kingdom of Ammon. Pottery and small finds such as seals and bullae show connections with the empires of Assyria and Babylonia, evidence of the little traditions of local elites being influenced by the great traditions of Neo-Assyria. Conclusions The study carried out from the Tall Safut material clearly shows the importance of the site for more fully understanding the history of the hill country in Central Jordan. The identification of Middle Bronze Age III pottery at Safut is significant because there was previously no known Middle Bronze Age presence at the site, and also because broad cultural connections between the Central Jordan Valley and further afield were revealed. As pottery was the only material found in this period it is hard to draw any strong anthropological conclusions other than to say that Tall Safut was likely under the influence of a polity in the Central Jordan Valley centered around the sites of Pella and Tall abu al-Kharaz. These broader regional connections from the Middle Bronze Age were followed by a lack of intraregional connections in the Late Bronze Age. Cultic material identified from the Late Bronze Age II at Safut is significant because of its ritual context, as well as what these ritual practices say about a shift in focus to a more localized region around Safut. The possible presence of a temple complex at Safut strengthens the possibility of the site being an integral part in a city-state polity centered around Amman. During this period local traditions were able to flourish at Safut likely due to its protection within the city-state polity of Amman and due to the lack of great traditions as the major empires largely avoided this area in the Late Bronze Age. The Iron Age II at Safut, in contrast, experienced expansive regional connections. The substantial archaeological evidence from the Iron Age II indicate the site's importance for the Ammonites and external empirical control from Assyria and Babylonia. When viewing the findings from the different time periods at Safut with a focus on agricultural and religious evidence it is clear that the site shifts from a local orientation, based only on little traditions in the Bronze Age to an extra-regional perspective in the Iron Age II where the little traditions reflected by ritual practices and agricultural production in and around Safut reflect core influences of the great traditions of the Assyrian Empire. It was likely that the elite at Safut borrowed at least symbolism from the core of Assyria in order to gain social or political advantages in Ammon.

"In this book, John Franzen surveys archaeological studies of logging sites across the nation from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, explaining how material evidence found at these locations illustrates key aspects of the American experience during this era"--

The Archaeology of Liberty in an American Capital: Excavations in Annapolis. Mark Leone. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. 327 pp.

"Incorporating Nonbinary Gender into Inuit Archaeology: Oral Testimony and Material Inroads explores gender diversity in precontact Inuit history. By combining evidence from interviews with re-examinations of previously excavated archaeological collections, it challenges binary narratives and creates an allowance for diverse narratives around gender to emerge. This work approaches a wide range of ethnographic and archaeological sources with a critical eye, opening up a dialogue between queer Indigenous studies, LGBTQ2+ Inuit, and archaeology in order to question normative colonial narratives about Indigenous pasts while providing concrete examples of how researchers can begin to let go of rigid assumptions. In this way the reader is encouraged to explore novel perspectives and think beyond boxes to understand gender complexity in precontact Inuit culture. This book has been written for a wide academic audience, particularly those interested in queer archaeologies, archaeologies of gender, decolonial archaeologies, and indigenous archaeologies, and oral history"--

Part I. Introduction -- Counternarratives: the archaeology of the long term and the large scale / Geoff Emberling -- Part II. Cultural trajectories -- Social evolutionary theory and the fifth continent: history without transformation? / Tim Murray -- Structures of authority: feasting and political practice in the earliest Mesopotamian states / Geoff Emberling -- Counternarratives and counterintuition: accommodating the unpredicted in the archaeology of complexity / Steven E. Falconer -- Inscribing legitimacy and building power in the Mekong Delta / Miriam T. Stark -- Part III. Cities, states, and empires -- The city in the state / Carla M. Sinopoli and Uthara Suvrathan -- Cities and ideology: the case of Assur in the Neo-Assyrian period / Peter Machinist -- City and countryside--image and text: balancing rural and urban values in third-millennium Egypt / John Baines -- Local courts in centralizing states: the case of Ur III Mesopotamia / Laura Culbertson -- Part IV. Collapse and resilience -- Writing collapse / Severin Fowles -- Objects in crisis: curation, repair, and the historicity of things in the South Caucasus--1500-300 BCE / Adam T. Smith and Lori Khatchadourian -- Leaving classic Maya cities: agent-based modeling and the dynamics of diaspora / Patricia A. McAnany, Jeremy A. Sabloff, Maxime Lamoureux St-Hilaire, and Gyles Iannone -- Part V. Archaeology and history -- Settling on the ruins of Xia: archaeology of social memory in early China / Li Min -- Anti-history / Shannon Lee Dawdy -- Part VI. Commentary -- The present and future of counternarratives / Norman Yoffee

Salt is an invisible object for research in archaeology. However, ancient writings, ethnographic studies and the evidence of archaeological exploitation highlight it as an essential reference for humanity. Both an edible product and a crucial element for food preservation, it has been used by the first human settlements as soon as food storage appeared (Neolithic). As far as the history of food habits (both nutrition and preservation) is concerned, the identification and the use of that resource certainly proves a revolution as meaningful as the domestication of plants and wild animals. On a gl.

The archaeology of race in the Northeast: an introduction / Christopher N. Matthews and Allison Manfra McGovern -- Part I. Archaeologies of African Americans in the Northeast -- Looking for Africans in Seventeenth-century New Amsterdam / Anne-Marie Cantwell and Diana diZerega Wall -- Guineatown in the Hudson Valley's Hyde Park / Christopher R. Lindner and Trevor A. Johnson -- The racialization of labor in early Nineteenth-century Upstate New York: archaeology at the Rose Hill Quarter Site, Geneva, New York / James A. Delle and Kristen R. Fellows -- "The character of a woman": womanhood and race in Nineteenth-century Nantucket / Teresa Dujnic Bulger -- Josiah Eddy, Richard Allen, and the complexity of the past: thoughts on African-American identity in Nineteenth-century Philadelphia / Rebecca Yamin and Grace H. Ziesing -- Race and remembering in the Adirondacks: accounting for Timbucto in the past and the present / Hadley Kruczek-Aaron -- Construction of identity in an African American activist community in Albany, New York: the trajectories of racialization and community formation / Corey D. McQuinn -- The Hunterfly Road houses and the evolution of Weeksville, an African American community in Brooklyn, New York / Joan H. Geismar -- A practice theory of improvisation at the African American community of Timbuctoo, Burlington County, New Jersey / Christopher P. Barton and David G. Orr -- Part II. Native American historical archaeologies -- Facing "the end": termination and survivance among the Montaukett of Eastern Long Island, New York / Allison Manfra McGovern -- Race-based differences and historical archaeologies in indian New England / Russell G. Handsman -- Part III. Archaeologies of whiteness in the Northeast -- Whiteness and the transformation of home, work, and self in early New York / Christopher N. Matthews -- Materiality, white public space, and historical commemoration in Nineteenth-century Deerfield Massachusetts / Quentin Lewis -- An archaeology of accou