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The book deals with value addition and processing of agro-food crops. Each agro-food crop is discussed from the point of its production, processing, value addition, packaging and storage. Main food crops of special importance in the food processing sector like cereals, millets and pulses, minor forest products, fruits and vegetables and milk and milk based products are considered at length. The book gives a comprehensive account of food processing and value addition with regards to encourage for setting up small food processing industries in their local area using local agro food crops base. Indigenous food preparations based on fermented cereals and pulse, milk and other crops based products have been discussed. Various food laws and regulation by the Government to control food quality and standards are highlighted. Agro food based, food processing industry, in small or cottage scale level in their local region with available resource projects are alsodiscussed in details. An outstanding text for students, researchers and entrepreneurs in food processing with little or no previous instruction in food science and technology, food science is also a valuable reference for professionals in food processing, as well as for those working in fields that serves, regulates or otherwise interfaces with the food processing industry

The basic objective of this study was to investigate and explore the relationship between major food crops of China and their relationship with agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) using an econometric analysis. Agriculture is considered an important sector of the Chinese economy as it accounted for about 10% of GDP. The total agricultural land of China covers 36% of the area of the world. In order to highlight the actual performance of the agricultural production and the output of major food crops, this study explored the relationship between agricultural GDP and the major crops output including wheat, cotton, rice, sugarcane, corn, and tubers in China over the period of 35 years from 1980 to 2015. The time series data were collected from the China Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture China and various publications. Crop data were analyzed using the Ordinary Least Square Method and Augmented Dickey Fuller test and results were interpreted using the Johansen co-integration test. Our study found that output of wheat, cotton, sugarcane, corn, and tubers has positive and significant relation with the agricultural gross domestic product of China, while the output of rice crop has a negative but no significant relation with agricultural GDP of China. The study suggests that the Government of China should start new funding schemes for the development and better production of rice crops.

Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, highly depends on food crops. There is a huge gap between the products purchased and the actual products, which suffer from inadequate technology, inadequate resource use, inappropriate use of water and land, and inappropriate pests management studies, it's not just negatively affects production but also reduces production. Most farmers use synthetic chemicals to control pests, but they are often used in vain. In order to illustrate the main gaps and actual results of the main upland crops. The study examines the link between food security and GDP growth in Pakistan, including wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize, and water availability in Pakistan from 1999 to 2018. Periodic data are collected from the Pakistan Economic Survey (various sources). Use conventional miniature methods and refine Dickey-Fuller (ADF) testing to analyze crop data, and use Johansen aggregation testing to interpret results. Our research found that wheat, rice, sugarcane, and maize yields were positively correlated with Pakistan's agricultural GDP, while water supply was negatively correlated with Pakistan's agricultural GDP without significant correlation. Water resources related to climate change and the context of climate change will have a devastating effect on Pakistan's water resources. Therefore, the study suggests that the Pakistani government should provide major agricultural inputs on subsidies formulate policies, and launch new funding programs to develop and improve water availability.

Food and nutritional security will be worsened by climate change-induced high temperatures, droughts and reduced water availability in most agricultural food crops environments, particularly in developing countries. Recent evidences indicate that countries in the southern hemisphere are more vulnerable to food production due to greater frequency of extreme weather events. These challenges can be addressed by: (i) adoption of climate mitigation tools in agricultural and urban activities; (ii) development of heat and drought tolerant cultivars in major food crops; (iii) bringing back forgotten native minor food crops such as millets and root crops; and (iv) continued investment in agricultural research and development with the strong government policy support on native crops grown by small holder farmers. The native crops have inherent potential and traits to cope with adverse climate during the course of its evolution process. Therefore, diversifying the crops should be a prime framework of the climate-smart agriculture to meet the global food and nutritional security for which policy-driven production changes are highly required in developing countries. The adverse effects of climate change on agricultural production need to be addressed by multidisciplinary team and approaches through strong network of research consortium including private sectors and multinational governments for global impact.

Nowadays, global warming is increasing in response of climate change which affects almost every sector including the agriculture sector. Therefore, there is a need to confirm the policies for policymakers and government officials to minimize the monetary loss in response to climate change. In doing so, our study reveals the effect of climate change on the yield of major food crops in Pakistan. To check the existence of long-run association among the variables, we employJohansen co-integration technique from 1990 to 2019. The results proves that co-integration exists among the variables in the long run. Hence, this study suggested policy formulation for policymakers and government officials that should focus on the harmful effect of climate change on the agriculture sector to rebuild the resilient and sustainable agriculture sector of Pakistan.

A heterogeneous area situated partially within the CFA franc zone, the Ouagadougou-Accra corridor is a real outsider in terms of regional integration in French-speaking Africa, and its food distribution channels foster complementarities between Ghana and Burkina Faso. Spontaneously reorganised during the Ivorian crisis, the resulting flows are restructuring the area, indicating potential that is attracting institutional attention.

There is a great potential in Pakistan for production of all
types of food commodities due to vast natural resource base, covering
various ecological and climatic zones. Most of the agricultural
commodities produced in the country are consumed by the local population
while the rest is exported in the form of primary products and some
value added products. Previously, Pakistani products had a good market
overseas with no restrictions of quality and quantity but under the
changing environment affected by WTO, it is expected that Pakistan will
face a strong competition in the agriculture sector from its competitors
in the world market. According to the neoclassical trade theory, trade
flows and pattern will develop along the lines of comparative advantage
and competitiveness that can act as indicators of trade potential and
direction. There has been extensive government involvement in the
determination of the overall structure of agriculture and its patterns
of production, employment and trade. Pakistani government has been
intervening in agriculture sector in the past in order to support
agricultural production, income supports, ensure food security, improve
the balance of trade, reduce consumer prices, address environmental and
regional concerns and to pursue sanitary and phyto-sanitary objectives
[Hassan (1995)]. Pakistan is a founding member of the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) since its creation. Following the Uruguay
Round negotiations, all agricultural products were brought under
multinational trade rules by WTO, under the Agreement on Agriculture.
This established a framework to begin liberalising agricultural trade
through the reduction of import duties (tariffs), trade-distorting
production subsidies and export subsidies. Prior to the Uruguay Round,
trade in agriculture was highly distorted. Market access for
agricultural products was limited as most markets were restricted by
physical import barriers. The presence of massive domestic subsidies led
to overproduction of temperate crops in the developed countries that led
to excess supply, and export subsidies were used to dump the surplus
agricultural output in international markets. This resulted in depressed
market prices and, in spite of being low-cost producers of agricultural
products; developing countries could not compete with the subsidised
exports from developed countries.