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AbstractThere is little research on the relationship between welfare policies and immigrant entrepreneurship. Accordingly, this paper examines changes in three welfare domains: child‐care, health/medical insurance, and unemployment insurance in the context of France since roughly the 1980s, but with a focus on the 21st century. Given changes in French welfare policy, I show that immigrants' greater access to fluctuating, sometimes declining, but overall increasing spending in the three domains, can be positively correlated with slowly increasing immigrant entrepreneurship since the early 2000s. However, I also argue that welfare policies do not seem to have a significant effect on the levels and survival of immigrant‐owned firms in France. The findings of this paper should nonetheless be taken with extreme caution in light of the obstacles to analyzing this relationship. As a consequence, I provide an assessment of three possible research designs as a route towards better understanding this relationship.

This article tries to describe government policies toward pesantren, as the Islamic intistitution, which has been existing from the early Independence of Indonesia period to present times, and its implications on the progresses of pesantren. This study uses library research on related documents of government policies and the result shows that the government policies tend to indicate to be a positive development. In the beginning of old and new orders, government policies were simply in form of unofficial claim above the role of pesantren in accelerating the nation intelligence. Since the release of decree of UU No. 2/1989 pesantren has been approved and legitimated as the subsystem of national education, though, pesantren keeps and maintains its characterisitc. As UU No. 20/2003 legitimated and followed by relating policies –especilally PP No. 55/1997, PMA No. 13/2014, and PMA No. 18/2014 – pesantren has been totally awarded as part of national educational system, in turn, such of the institution has more freedom in portraying Islamic values by enhancing its characteristic as the institution focusing on tafaqquh fî al-dîn (an attempt to a totally Islamic understandings) and developing the other competences based on the characteristic of each pesantren.Copyright (c) 2015 by KARSA. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/karsa.v23i2.724

This article tries to describe government policies toward pesantren, as the Islamic intistitution, which has been existing from the early Independence of Indonesia period to present times, and its implications on the progresses of pesantren. This study uses library research on related documents of government policies and the result shows that the government policies tend to indicate to be a positive development. In the beginning of old and new orders, government policies were simply in form of unofficial claim above the role of pesantren in accelerating the nation intelligence. Since the release of decree of UU No. 2/1989 pesantren has been approved and legitimated as the subsystem of national education, though, pesantren keeps and maintains its characterisitc. As UU No. 20/2003 legitimated and followed by relating policies –especilally PP No. 55/1997, PMA No. 13/2014, and PMA No. 18/2014 – pesantren has been totally awarded as part of national educational system, in turn, such of the institution has more freedom in portraying Islamic values by enhancing its characteristic as the institution focusing on tafaqquh fî al-dîn (an attempt to a totally Islamic understandings) and developing the other competences based on the characteristic of each pesantren.Copyright (c) 2015 by KARSA. All right reservedDOI: 10.19105/karsa.v23i2.724

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is important legislation designed to prohibit discrimination against disabled persons, but most state and local governments covered by the Act were already prohibited from discrimination against the disabled by provisions of Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. This article reports the results of a national survey designed to measure the perceptions of personnel managers from state government departments and agencies regarding the impact of the ADA on public personnel management practices given concurrent coverage of the Rehabilitation Act. A majority of the managers from organizations subject to the Rehabilitation Act reported that the ADA had no significant effects on their organizations. Substantial proportions of respondents agreed, however, that the ADA did have certain more narrowly defined effects on public personnel practices. Possible explanations for the perceived effects of the ADA despite coverage by the Rehabilitation Act are considered.

This paper formulates a partial search model in which unemployed individuals simultaneously search for job and location of residence. Most importantly, we show that, ceteris paribus, a decrease in current place utility increases the transition rate into a new location of residence and the transition rate into employment outside the local labour market, but decreases the transition rate into local employment. Thus, a decrease in current place utility decreases the overall job-finding rate if the local reservation wage effect dominates. We argue that spatial dispersal policies on refugees are characterised by low average values of current place utility. Hence, the model predicts that dispersal policies increase the geographical mobility rates of refugees and, for a sufficiently large local reservation wage effect, decrease their job-finding rates.

The article studies the occupational security and the perception of the economic situation of Russian immigrants in Israel and other Israelis. Similar rates of job security were found in the two groups. It is suggested that cultural factors and policies of integration of immigrants into the labor force affect these .ndings.

In France, immigrants are more likely to be unemployed or in low-skilled work than their native-born peers. Immigrants face a number of challenges to entering and advancing in the French labor market, including discrimination, foreign qualification recognition, and limited professional networks. Moreover, the French labor market is structurally unfavorable to new entries, whether migrants or native-born youth, and foreign nationals from outside the European Union (EU) are barred from many public- and private-sector jobs.Despite these obstacles, the government has not made a policy priority of getting newcomers into jobs. Integration policy in France has traditionally come in the form of urban policy, targeting disadvantaged neighborhoods that often happen to have a large number of immigrants and their children rather than immigrants themselves. While there have been significant reforms to integration policy since 2000, the focus of these reforms has been cultural, not socioeconomic, integration. Many features of France's robust workforce development system are available to immigrants upon arrival, including use of the public employment service that provides job search assistance and career counseling, but immigrants are excluded from the more prestigious elements like vocational training.This report examines how well mainstream employment policies, in combination with recent integration policy reforms—particularly the introduction of a new category, "newly arrived migrants"—are supporting migrants' integration into the labor market and advancement into middle-skilled jobs. The report provides an overview of immigrants' progress in the French labor market and analyzes recent French immigration policy and the relevant aspects of employment policy, language and vocational training, and antidiscrimination programs. Finally, the report proposes some policy recommendations.

In France, immigrants are more likely to be unemployed or in low-skilled work than their native-born peers. Immigrants face a number of challenges to entering and advancing in the French labor market, including discrimination, foreign qualification recognition, and limited professional networks. Moreover, the French labor market is structurally unfavorable to new entries, whether migrants or native-born youth, and foreign nationals from outside the European Union (EU) are barred from many public- and private-sector jobs.Despite these obstacles, the government has not made a policy priority of getting newcomers into jobs. Integration policy in France has traditionally come in the form of urban policy, targeting disadvantaged neighborhoods that often happen to have a large number of immigrants and their children rather than immigrants themselves. While there have been significant reforms to integration policy since 2000, the focus of these reforms has been cultural, not socioeconomic, integration. Many features of France's robust workforce development system are available to immigrants upon arrival, including use of the public employment service that provides job search assistance and career counseling, but immigrants are excluded from the more prestigious elements like vocational training.This report examines how well mainstream employment policies, in combination with recent integration policy reforms—particularly the introduction of a new category, "newly arrived migrants"—are supporting migrants' integration into the labor market and advancement into middle-skilled jobs. The report provides an overview of immigrants' progress in the French labor market and analyzes recent French immigration policy and the relevant aspects of employment policy, language and vocational training, and antidiscrimination programs. Finally, the report proposes some policy recommendations.