Suchergebnisse

Association South East Asia Nation (ASEAN) merupakan organisasi geopolitik dan ekonomi dari negara-negara di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Pertumbuhan ekonomi ASEAN memiliki kontribusi besar dalam perekonomian dunia. ASEAN terdiri dari beberapa negara maju dan negara berkembang. Kerja sama dalam bidang ekonomi salah satunya adalah ASEAN Economic Community (AEC). AEC saat ini sedang berlangsung, dimana perdagangan internasional antar negara ASEAN berlangsung secara bebas, hal ini diharapkan terbentuknya integrasi ekonomi yang akan mengantarkan ASEAN menjadi kawasan yang tumbuh tinggi sekaligus stabil. Tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat diukur dengan menggunakan Gross Domestic Product (GDP) yang dicapai suatu negara. Pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara dipengaruhi oleh Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Keterkaitan hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan investasi saling mempengaruhi satu yang lainnya. Kajian yang kompleks ini menggunakan model persamaan simultan spasial dengan Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) sehingga tidak hanya keterkaitan antara variabel yang tergambar dalam persamaan simultan, tetapi juga ada efek spasial yang menggambarkan pola interaksi variabel tersebut antar negara-negara anggota ASEAN. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan persamaan simultan SAR menggunakan GMM dengan bobot customized lebih baik karena bisa menangkap efek timbal balik antara Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Selain itu keterkaitan antar lokasi (dependensi spasial lag bersifat positif dan signifikan pada variabel Gross Domestic Product).

AbstractWith the acceleration of urbanization in recent years, China has witnessed large-scale construction across its provinces, generating massive amounts of construction waste that pose challenges to environmental protection and sustainable development. This study evaluated the impact of construction waste policy intensity on its environmental efficiency. Firstly, the content analysis method was used to analyze the construction waste policy text quantitatively. Second, this study constructed a slack-based measure (SBM) model based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), considering resource input and construction waste output to measure environmental efficiency. Finally, we built and tested an econometric model of how policies affect environmental efficiency using the system generalized method of moments (SYS-GMM). The findings indicate a non-linear U-shaped link between policy intensity and environmental efficiency. Among all five control variables, population density, urbanization level, and technological innovation enhance environmental efficiency, while economic development and highway density will lower it. This study advances the research on construction waste policies and offers some insights for the construction industry to pursue sustainable development.

Increasing the rate of economic growth is one of the biggest goals for an area, because it affects macroeconomic conditions in the aggregate especially the level of public welfare. Law Number 32 of 2004 becomes empirical evidence that there is a transfer of responsibility from the central government to regional governments in carrying out economic development. This research is conducted to determine the condition of economic growth in East Java Province with a population of 29 districts and 9 cities in the 2014-2018 observation period, the number of samples was 190 samples. The data analysis technique is carried out through the econometrics model with two stages, namely conducting a simultaneous regression analysis of the ordinary least square method, then for the second stage, an Arellano-Bond Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) analysis is carried out on the grounds that many economic variables are dynamic, This means that the value of a variable can be influenced by the value of other variables and is influenced by the value of the variable concerned in the past or previous period,in addition to knowing the short-term and long-term effects of economic growth. The findings of the study reveal that simultaneous economic growth in East Java Province is influenced by agglomeration, fiscal decentralization, poverty rates and human development index. Based on the results of the generalized method of moment arellano-bond analysis, the researchers find that fiscal decentralization have a partial effect on economic growth in the province of East Java with the impact of the elasticity of short-term and long-term economic growth values. In addition, researchers find that economic growth in East Java Province is influenced by the value of the variable itself (economic growth) in the previous period.

AbstractThis article assesses the impact of government expenditure and population structure on financial development among selected African economies for a panel of 37 selected African economies from years 1980 to 2018. The pooled mean group regression estimator was used, which suitably isolates short run from long run impacts while allowing for heterogeneities and homogeneities for each run respectively. Additionally, generalized method of moments technique was applied for robustness check and allows for dynamism in the estimations. Findings show that financial development is sensitive to both productive and non‐productive government expenditures in the long run. They affirm positive impacts convergences on financial development. Financial development responds only to non‐productive expenditures in the short run. Young and elderly populations do not benefit financial development but mature population does due to its active role in the private sector. Further, it helps support the negative impact of inflation and provides positive impacts of economy openness and individual's economic output. Also, results support short‐run adjustment towards long‐run equilibrium. These results are significant both statistically and economically. Unlike former studies, this work comprehensively disaggregated government expenditure into productive and unproductive types. It isolated population structure age‐wise. In order to stimulate financial development, governments in Africa need to favour policies that stabilize government expenditures, having both short‐run and long‐run foci, encourage public–private partnership and mutually beneficial linkages, devise population policies based on respective age‐structures, and promote economy openness, and growth per capita, and control inflation.

The income inequality in Indonesia reached the highest level during the decentralization era and suspected to be the cause of the slowdown of the economic growth in the last five years to 2015. This paper investigates whether increasing inequality had a positive or negative impact on economic growth in Indonesia. Using dynamic panel and applying Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator, the result concluded that there is a significant positive relationship between income inequality and economic growth. However, this study cannot draw a definite conclusion about the association for the different classes (bottom, middle, and top level) since only one-step system GMM is significant. Based on the result, it implies that the government should be more careful in regulating the inequality policy and understand more about the right mechanism of inequality and economy growth.DOI:10.15408/sjie.v7i2.6177

In order to study the responsibility of investment climate and state of democracy to the determinants of sectoral distribution of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), this study attempts to examine the institutional determinants of the sectoral distribution of FDI in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, focusing on the investment climate and state of democracy. Using a dynamic system generalized method of moments estimator, the study examine twenty-one countries for the period 1994–2018. The analysis of these quantitative findings is that when human capital is controlled for, the host country investment profile has a positive effect on agricultural FDI and the host country state of democracy positively affects agricultural and manufacturing FDI. In addition, services FDI is attracted by educated labor, whereas FDI to other sectors is attracted by cheap labor. Moreover, natural resource endowments have a positive impact on FDI in the sectors of agriculture and manufacturing.