Suchergebnisse

Health sector reforms associated with decentralization, contraction of public sector, service contracting, user fees, etc., influence health sector both from the demand side and the supply side. In the wake of decreasing public expenditure on health, it is necessary to find the other factors that could take care of the health status. This article is an attempt to find the impact of economic reforms on infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth. The study is based upon secondary data. Statistical tools like mean, ranking, and regression models are used. The study concludes that instead of treatment, the focus should be on preventive healthcare and measures should be taken to control the intensity of health problems. After analyzing the trend and pattern of public and private sector expenditure, the article finds female literacy rate, cropped land, and basic amenities to be the important variables in explaining variations in health poverty.

Introduction -- Globalisation, GATS and health sector -- Health and development : survey of literature -- Health sector in India : an interstate analysis -- Efficiency of health outcomes in rural India : interstate variations -- Poverty, under-nutrition and morbidity in India -- Concluding observations

This document is focused on improving government expenditure in the health sector, particularly on the maternal and neonatal health expenditure. For this purpose the central section of this work is a Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) of government expenditure and policies to increase institutional deliveries -deliveries in health establishments. This analysis is particularly important as the budget for maternal and neonatal health has entered a reform process in the framework of the Result Based Budget. This reform intent to change the way budget is assigned and thus the distribution of money for different health policies. Policy recommendations for this particular subsector are fundamental at the time.

This document is focused on improving government expenditure in the health sector, particularly on the maternal and neonatal health expenditure. For this purpose the central section of this work is a Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) of government expenditure and policies to increase institutional deliveries -deliveries in health establishments. This analysis is particularly important as the budget for maternal and neonatal health has entered a reform process in the framework of the Result Based Budget. This reform intent to change the way budget is assigned and thus the distribution of money for different health policies. Policy recommendations for this particular subsector are fundamental at the time.

Private Health Sector Assessment in Ghana is part of the World Bank Working Paper series. These papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's ongoing research and to stimulate public discussion. The private health sector in Ghana is a large and important sector in the market for health-related goods and services. However, little has been documented concerning the size and configuration of private providers and their contribution to health sector outcomes. With better information about the size, scope, distribution, and constraints of private actors, Ghana's public policy makers could engage more effectively with the private sector. The scope of the Ghana study involved assessing the role of its private sector in the overall health system; considering the potential of the private sector to play a greater role; and identifying ways to improve the public-private interface to increase equity, access, and efficiency in the health system.

This thesis relates to management accounting changes occurred in the Portuguese health sector. Introducing a responsibility centre within a cardiothoracic surgery service led to a change process despite pressures for stability. The change was driven by institutional entrepreneurship steered by power strategies. The institutionalization of change was conditioned by entrepreneurship that flowed through three circuits of power. The case demonstrates the role of power relations in initiating and blocking institutional change when implementing innovative accounting. We demonstrate that accounting innovations must always be interpreted in the context of the broader macro-economy, in this case, a context characterized by austerity politics. Moreover, the pursuit of efficiency in health care delivery has led to the development of a project for implementing activity-based costing (ABC) in a Portuguese hospital. The tensions that arise between the care (quality) and business logics, constitute a paradox that doctors from this hospital recognized as to be possible to overcome by using ABC. ABC became a tool to account for the outcomes of medical care, allowing comparisons between clinical practices, also providing a common language between managers and doctors. The case demonstrates that ABC could bridge tensions arising between competing institutional logics, enhancing its applicability in health care settings. Our focus was upon a set of actors that usually are not regarded in both paradox and institutional complexity theories. Therefore, we contribute to the existing literature on hybrid organizations and paradox theory, by highlighting how professionals and managers differentially experience paradoxes that arise from competing institutional logics that persist over time. ; Esta tese refere-se a mudanças na contabilidade de gestão ocorridas no sector de saúde Português. Apesar das pressões para a estabilidade, a introdução de um centro de responsabilidade num serviço de cirurgia cardiotorácica induziu um processo de ...

Between 1970 and 2018, the Region of the Americas experienced over 4,500 disasters that killed 569,184 people and injured more than three million people. Additionally, emergencies and disasters of any kind can cause multimillion-dollar economic losses and can significantly undermine the performance of health systems. Today, more than ever, it is necessary for countries to improve their preparedness and response to health emergencies and disasters--a need expressed by the Member States of the Pan American Health Organization. The main aim of the Health Sector Multi-Hazard Response Framework (MRF) is to improve the capacity of countries to manage their response to emergencies and disasters in a more efficient and timely manner. The MRF facilitates an operational model that makes it possible to identify response activities, taking into account all existing hazards and to carry out those activities within a national framework based on the organization of the health sector. The MRF is designed mainly for health sector authorities and managers responsible for emergency and disaster risk management, guiding them in the process of updating or developing response planning. This ranges from describing the operational model to implementing emergency functions involving various actors, identifying preparedness tools in the health sector, and developing standardized operating procedures, organizational analysis, and specific contingency plans. Implementation of this framework will provide countries with adequate response planning based on a multihazard approach. This will lead to better use of available resources and greater flexibility to deal with any type of event.

Malawi's economic growth has been low and volatile for the past two decades, leading to stagnating high poverty levels. The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic will negatively affected economic growth leading to lower government revenue. Despite low per capita growth, Malawi has made strong progress in many areas of human capital development since 2000. Notwithstanding the above, Malawi still faces considerable gaps in human capital, which will impede its ability to reduce poverty in the medium term. Malawi lags behind in some health and nutrition outcomes, including HIV and malaria prevalence. Strengthening human capital in Malawi will be critical to reduce poverty, increase inclusion in society, and create jobs. The World Bank launched a new Human capital index (HCI) in October 2018 as part of its broader Human capital project. One factor that contributes to low human capital outcomes is Malawi's adolescent fertility rate, one of the highest rates of in the world, with 132 births per 1,000 women aged 15-19. The main underlying cause for the high adolescent fertility rate is the high rate of child marriage. The government is making efforts to strengthen human capital. To strengthen human capital in the face of limited fiscal space, Malawi needs to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of government and donor spending on human capital. To address this problem, there is need to integrate financial reporting systems at district and central government levels. This will enhance government's ability to monitor and evaluate expenditure and program implementation across sectors.