Suchergebnisse

In marketing, there are many important multidimensional constructs, such as service quality, market orientation, and consumer-based brand equity (CBBE). Survey methods and multidimensional scales are used to measure these constructs. But the survey responses collected for these constructs are also dual-faceted. Except for consumers, the other facet (such as services, firms or brands) is involved too. Assessment of multidimensional marketing scales (such as SERVQUAL and MARKOR) has relied on confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), which may not give accurate and unbiased evidence about the estimates and dimensionality across both facets. The authors introduce a hierarchical extension of many facet item response theory (MFIRT) to empirically investigate the causal relationships between a construct and its dimensions for scales that generate dual-faceted data. CBBE data for soft drink brands are used in an empirical study, which demonstrates the method and finds CBBE best modeled as formative from its dimensions along the consumer facet.

Employment is at the heart of European Union (EU) policies as it is the basis for wealth creation. Knowing how satisfied EU residents are with their occupation is very important, since losing one's job may undermine one's life satisfaction and its overall meaning (European Commission 2015). According to the most recent Eurostat data (European Commission 2017), Poland reported an average job satisfaction well above the EU mean, ranked 8th (behind Denmark, Iceland, Austria, Finland, Norway, Switzerland and Sweden). Thus, it is interesting to present an analysis focused on the job satisfaction of workers in Poland – a country of emigration, with the highest percentage of temporary contracts in Europe (European Commission 2016). The main aim of our study is understanding how the different socio-economic features affect the groups of workers with similar job satisfaction levels in Poland. Most of the Polish job satisfaction studies are focused on selected professional groups, in selected regions of Poland. This article presents another, the latent variable models approach to the hetero-geneous data set for different subgroups of workers in all the regions of Poland. The combination of the two latent variable models enables to find homogeneous classes of individuals characterized by the similar latent ability levels, and at the same time, the item characteristics analysis (usually identified as discrimination indices and difficulty parameters) as well. Latent Class Item Response Theory (LC-IRT) models are more flexible in compa-rison with traditional formulations of Item Response Theory (IRT) models, often based on restrictive assumptions, such as normality of latent trait (explicitly introduced). Moreover, the authors also apply the extended latent variable models under the discrete assumption of the latent trait including individual socio-demographic features, such as age, sex, education, marital status or current financial situation. The article analyzes data collected as part of the International Social Survey Programme 2015 using R software. The results may help policymakers tailor their employment policies as well as to create and deliver services focused on special socio-economic groups of the Polish society.

Small, Micro and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face quite complex problems in business development. One of the small businesses engaged in by the Sudagaran community in Yogyakarta is the production of tofu. Entrepreneurs know problems in the fields of production, environment, capital, and also marketing. The Service Team from the Department of Business Administration, FISIP UPN Veterans Yogyakarta collaborated with the Yogyakarta City Baznas and the Yogyakarta City Government to assist and assist SMEs. Empowerment programs that have been carried out have started from the implementation of production layouts, small business financial management, simple financial records, product innovation. packaging, and online-based marketing. Small entrepreneurs feel helped by the service program so that during the Covid-19 pandemic they have alternatives in product marketing.

Résumé Témoignage et analyse de la pratique d'une direction d'un IRTS au moment de la régionalisation des formations des travailleurs sociaux. Avec comme axe de travail : la nécessaire évaluation des besoins de formation ; la recherche de réponses adaptées à la concurrence des nouveaux opérateurs ; la prise en compte des enjeux liés à la VAE et aux autres mutations du secteur. Partenariat et implication dans des réseaux régionaux, nationaux et européens s'imposent.