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THIS STUDY PROPOSES THAT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM HAVE A G REAT EFFECT ON THE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION A CITIZEN CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO HAVE ABOUT POLITICS. TAKING A PARTICULAR ITEM OF INFORMATION, THIS RESEARCH COMPARES THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH SYSTEM VARIABLES. THE ITEM UNDER INVESTIGATION IS AWARENESS OF REPRESENTATIVES TO THE NATIONAL LEGISLATURE.

THIS STUDY PROPOSES THAT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM HAVE A GREAT EFFECT ON THE AMOUNT OF INFORMATION A CITIZEN CAN REASONABLY BE EXPECTED TO HAVE ABOUT POLITICS. TAKING A PARTICULAR ITEM OF INFORMATION, THIS RESEARCH COMPARES THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS WITH SYSTEM VARIABLES. IT IS HYPOTHESIZED THAT SYSTEM LEVEL VARIABLES INFLUENCE HE LEVEL OF INFORMTION. ONE RECEIVES.

This study examined the effects of police officers' individual characteristics, namely, ethnicity, gender, locus of control and job tenure on their work‐related attitudes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intention to quit and career plateau. Data were collected via a combination of questionnaire survey and focus‐group interviews. Results of this study suggest that ethnicity, job tenure and locus of control have significant effects on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, intention to quit and career plateau. Implications of findings are discussed.

In Britain in recent years the study of tactical voting has become something of a growth industry. Unresolved, however, is a key question: the number of tactical voters. Despite an election-night estimate of 17 per cent, a variety of later analysts have estimated that little more than one in twenty voters behaved tactically in 1987, a surprisingly low figure in the light of the efforts of various groups to encourage tactical voting in order to avoid fragmentation of the anti-Thatcher vote. Most recently, Heath, Curtice and Jowell, in their analysis of the British Election Study survey, report that 'just 6.5% of major party voters indicated in their replies a tactical motivation for their vote'.

This paper analyzes differences among political consultants, such as party, gender, age and experience, in order to discover if these characteristics help explain variations among consultants in their evaluation and use of negative campaigning. Multiple regression did not yield significant findings, but a discriminant analysis found that age, experience, and attitude toward the potential backlash of using negative tactics lead to significant differences in the types of media chosen to communicate negative messages.