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This highly topical book comes at a time when the two-way relationship between humankind and the environment is moving inexorably to the top of the agenda. It covers both sides of this delicate balancing act, explaining how various natural processes influence humanity, including its economic activities and engineering structures, while also illuminating the ways in which human activity puts pressure on the natural environment. Chapters analyze a varied selection of phenomena that directly affect people's lives, from geological processes such as earthquakes and tsunamis to cosmic events such as

"This volume searches for pragmatic answers to the problems that continue to beset peacebuilding efforts at all levels of society, with a singular focus on the role of legitimacy.Many peacebuilding efforts are hampered by their inability to gain the support of those they are trying to help at the local level, or those at regional, national or international levels; whose support is necessary either for success at the local level or to translate local successes to wider arenas. There is no one agreed-upon reason for the difficulty in translating peacebuilding from one arena of action to another, but among those elements that have been studied, one that appears understudied or assumed to be unimportant, is the role of legitimacy. Many questions can be asked about legitimacy as a concept, and this volume addresses these questions through multiple case studies which examine legitimacy at local, regional, national and international levels, as well as looking at how legitimacy at one level either translates or fails to translate at other levels, in order to correlate the level of legitimacy with the success or failure of peacebuilding projects and programsThe value of this work lies both in the breadth of the cases and the singular focus on the role of legitimacy in peacebuilding. By focusing on this concept this volume represents an attempt to build beyond the critical peacebuilding approach of deconstructing the liberal peacebuilding paradigm to a search for pragmatic answers to the problems that continue to plague peacebuilding efforts at all levels of society. This book will be of much interest to students of peacebuilding, conflict resolution, development studies, security studies and International Relations. "--Provided by publisher.

The intratemporal redistribution feature of the welfare state makes it an attractive destination for immigrants, particularly for low-skill immigrants. George Borjas (1994) reports that foreign-born households in the United States accounted for 10 percent of households receiving public assistance in 1990, and for 13 percent of total cash assisitance distributed, even though they constituted only 8 percent of all households in the United States. In this chapter we explore the implications of various redistribution policies for the attitude of the native-born towards migrants. We analyze the effect of migration on the shape and magnitude of redistribution policies that are determined in a political economy equilibrium; at the same time, we address the question whether the level of migration, when not restricted, is higher or lower in this welfare state than in the laissez-faire (no-redistribution) economy.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- List of tables -- List of figures -- Notes on contributors -- 1 By what right? competing sources of legitimacy in intractable conflicts -- 2 Legitimate agents of peacebuilding: deliberative governance in zones of peace -- 3 Between shadow citizenship and civil resistance: shifting local orders in a Colombian war-torn community -- 4 Civilian noncooperation as a source of legitimacy: innovative youth reactions in the face of local violence -- 5 External peacebuilders and the search for legitimacy: the Institute for Multi-Track Diplomacy in Kashmir -- 6 Legitimacy, international accompaniment, and land reform in Colombia -- 7 Harnessing legitimacy through networks: civilian-led, closed virtual communities as a new type of zone of peace -- 8 Targets of violence, zones of peace: the child and school as post-conflict spaces -- 9 Peace as a tool of war: non-state armed actors and humanitarian agreements -- 10 Twisted legitimacy? leadership, representation, and status in traditional and fragile societies -- 11 Hybrid sources of legitimacy: peacebuilding and statebuilding in Somaliland -- 12 Legitimacy, peace, and peacebuilding -- Index

Purpose – To review and analyze problematic issues related with the ICANN's (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) role in internet administration and the interaction between national governing institutions.

AbstractAttempts by politicians to control bureaucratic decisions include both structural (how is the agency making the decision organized?) and procedural (what rules must they follow when making the decision?). But how do these two modes of influence interact? This article examines the interaction between bureaucratic structure and one procedural control, the requirement that agencies conduct an analysis of their decisions prior to their issuance. I look at this interaction in the context of two types of analysis, cost‐benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment. I interview 16 individuals in each field and draw from their experiences of conducting and reviewing more than a thousand analyses. The conduct of analysis is affected by where analysts are placed in agencies. In particular, independence of analysts has a trade‐off. The more independent analysts are, the more likely they can challenge preferred decisions in their agency. But independent analysts are brought into decisions later and their independence may limit their long‐term impacts on agency culture. Despite this trade‐off, analysts expressed a clear preference for independence. The interaction between different controls of bureaucratic behavior is a potentially fruitful line for further research.