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AbstractThis article looks at the role of the Internet in policymaking, identifying potential policy effects of widespread use of the Internet by citizens, firms, governments and voluntary organizations. It considers how the Internet and Internet‐enabled social change might impact upon each of the four 'tools' of government policy — nodality, authority, treasure and organization — and how it might impact upon the mix of tools that policymakers select. It suggests a number of values normally associated with the Internet — innovation, trust, openness and equity — that might be expected to emerge in policy trends. It discusses the implications of Internet‐driven change for public policy research, pinpointing some key methodologies that will become increasingly important; generation of large‐scale transactional data; network analysis and experimental methods. The article argues that we cannot understand, analyse or make public policy without understanding the technological, social and economic shifts associated with the Internet — a task that the journal Policy & Internet is poised to undertake.

"May the changes in the representations of the public library be propitiated by readers' appropriations of the Internet? To answer this question, a theoretically-driven and empirically-based research was developed in a public library in Portugal, combining the analysis of documents uses, the ethnography of space and Internet use, of social relations developed while reading, with the analysis of representations of the public library. No clear-cut association emerged between social-demographics or user profiles, and representations, in general. No disruptive Internet 'impact' was found: Internet use may contribute to reinforce traditional representations of the library, while it may also update and democratize other representations. If the library and the Internet are represented as synonymous, the former does not make sense without the latter; but an Internet widespread and intensive use conflicts with the image of an institution dedicated to high-brow culture. Changes in uses of the public library are, instead, clearly associated with new types of readers, which in their turn reflect changes in urban social composition." (author's abstract)

The development of the "World Wide Web" has had a significant impact on the formation of public opinion in democratic societies. This impact, though, has not been exactly that predicted by early 1990's prophets of the Web, who expected a decentralization of traditional mass media. If anything, the easy accessibility of the Web-enabled Internet (hereafter, "the Net") has extended the audience reach of traditional network media. Despite this, the Net is fundamentally changing the nature of public opinion. One should be wary of thinking of this change as a technology-enabled extension of the 19th-century liberal public. In the liberal view, the Net is a difficult- to-control free speech medium. It engenders a babble of voices devoted to persuading citizens and governments of the merits and otherwise of laws and policies. Because the Web's infrastructure of servers is global, dictatorial, or even legal, control of it is difficult to achieve. This is especially true for governments that want to encourage the pragmatic benefits of computermediated commerce. Yet, to see the Net simply as a free-speech medium does not do full justice to its nature. It began life as a powerful document delivery system, and, in important ways, its long-term impact on public opinion derives from that fact. The Web leveraged existing inter-networked computing to enable a new way of creating, collecting, storing, transforming, and disseminating documents and information objects. The frothy activity of instant commentary and interest group campaigning that the Net facilitates disguises the extent to which the logic of the public sphere is undergoing a long-term paradigmatic shift shaped by its origins as a document archive.

Habermas (1989) proposes a 'public sphere', a setting where people talk freely on the public issues. In his early works, Habermas was rather pessimistic about the provision of the public sphere; however, soon after the introduction of the Internet as an ultimately decentralized medium, in his later work, Habermas (1996) seems more optimistic about the Internet as the provider of the 'public sphere'. The Internet which is particularly popular among the young people, not only provides a medium that is cheap and easily accessible but also provides incredible amount of information on the topic of almost any interest and means for communication. It also contributes to the democratic discussions in the society. The Internet provides a medium according to which neither gender, nor age or race is important. Since it does not belong to anybody, it provides a public sphere in which political communication can be held democratically. This paper sets out to explore whether, despite the wide of use of the Internet, tertiary students are aware of the opportunities for democratic communication it provides. The present study aims at exploring the attitudes of the students studying in the Faculties of Engineering and Communication and Media Studies of the Eastern Mediterranean University in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, in the 2003-2004 academic year, to the Internet as the provider of information, a medium for expressing opinions and conversation on the public issues. Data is collected through a questionnaire comprising both structured questions and questions designed according to the five-point Likert scale. The results suggest that, the attitudes of the students studying both hard and soicial sciences do not show significant difference stressing the commonality of the Internet for all the academicians. ; The file in this item is the publisher version (published version) of the article.

This book presents the collectively authored Public Service Media and Public Service Internet Manifesto and accompanying materials.The Internet and the media landscape are broken. The dominant commercial Internet platforms endanger democracy. They have created a communications landscape overwhelmed by surveillance, advertising, fake news, hate speech, conspiracy theories, and algorithmic politics. Commercial Internet platforms have harmed citizens, users, everyday life, and society. Democracy and digital democracy require Public Service Media. A democracy-enhancing Internet requires Public Service Media becoming Public Service Internet platforms – an Internet of the public, by the public, and for the public; an Internet that advances instead of threatens democracy and the public sphere. The Public Service Internet is based on Internet platforms operated by a variety of Public Service Media, taking the public service remit into the digital age. The Public Service Internet provides opportunities for public debate, participation, and the advancement of social cohesion. Accompanying the Manifesto are materials that informed its creation: Christian Fuchs' report of the results of the Public Service Media/Internet Survey, the written version of Graham Murdock's online talk on public service media today, and a summary of an ecomitee.com discussion of the Manifesto's foundations.

May the changes in the representations of the public library be propitiated by readers' appropriations of the Internet? To answer this question, a theoretically-driven and empirically-based research was developed in a public library in Portugal, combining the analysis of documents uses, the ethnography of space and Internet use, of social relations developed while reading, with the analysis of representations of the public library. No clear-cut association emerged between social-demographics or user profiles, and representations, in general. No disruptive Internet "impact" was found: Internet use may contribute to reinforce traditional representations of the library, while it may also update and democratise other representations. If the library and the Internet are represented as synonymous, the former does not make sense without the latter; but an Internet widespread and intensive use conflicts with the image of an institution dedicated to high-brow culture. Changes in uses of the public library are, instead, clearly associated with new types of readers, which in their turn reflect changes in urban social composition.

The subject of the work is the consideration of theoretical and practical aspects of Internet communications as a synthesis of principles of information design and realization of communicative goals of traditional forms, models and types of communication, which arose as a result of involvement in the communicative space of new – extralinguistic and computer networks in public administration. The aim of the study is to consider which of the practices are most effective, how to correlate the various tools that together should lead to the creation of «smart management» systems at both the local and national levels. Research methods. The work uses a set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural–functional, historical, logical, which allowed to ensure the conceptual unity of the study. Results of work. The article substantiates the application of the principles of Internet marketing in government structures, public institutions at both local and state level in public administration in Ukraine. Field of application of results. The system of sciences from the family of public administration, a wide range of methodological aspects of socio–economic, legal sciences on the problems of informatization of public administration. Conclusions. The main results of the study, their theoretical results should be summarized as follows: 1. Principles of Internet marketing – namely communication between public service and the citizen is the main basis that will not only consume the services of their state, but also to participate much more actively in policy, especially domestic. 2. The principles of Internet marketing allow not only to clearly work out the constant current work in relations with citizens, but also to respond quickly and systematically to new requests, to adjust existing systems. 3. The Internet provides an opportunity to properly prepare to work and listen to the needs of citizens, systematizing the demands of society. 3. The comprehensive Internet has its risks, which makes it very ...

Quel sens spécifique les exigences démocratiques d'égalité des participants, de publicité des échanges, de liberté des discours peuvent-elles prendre lorsque le conflit des opinions se déroule en ligne ? Elles invitent, tout au moins, à répartir équitablement l'accès à la visibilité, assurer l'ouverture des enclaves numériques et contrôler ceux qui maîtrisent les architectures numériques.

Internetnutzung und Online-Aktivitäten.