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Legislation is one of the fundamental state powers. Its importance is based on the fact that states legal order is created by laws. In Lithuania a law is defined as an act of primary legislation enacted under the procedure prescribed by the Constitution and the Statute of the Seimas, expressing the will of lawmaker and having the highest legal force. Laws are passed following legislative procedure which is the legitimacy of legislation. Legislation procedure can be described as the whole complex of legally significant acts necessary for the adoption of a law and performed in rigid sequence of logic and time. The following stages of the legislative procedure are recognized: the legislative initiative, the consideration of the draft law, the adoption of the draft law and the promulgation. Under Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania the right of legislative initiative belongs to the members of Seimas, The President of Republic, the Government and no less than 50 thousand Lithuanian citizens who are entitled to vote. The consideration of the draft law can be divided into the consideration of the draft law at the principal Committee and the consideration of the draft law at the Seimas. At the Seimas Committees the most thorough analysis of the legal act under preparation is made, consultations of specialists are provided and opinions are heard. Whereas the consideration of the draft law at the Seimas helps to realize the majority rule. During the adoption of the draft law the opinions of the members of Seimas are coordinated and single will is issued. The laws come into effect after they have been signed by the President and after they have been published in the "Official Gazette" ("Valstybės žinios"). The President can decide not to sign the law adopted by Seimas and return it to Seimas to repeat the consideration.

Legislation is one of the fundamental state powers. Its importance is based on the fact that states legal order is created by laws. In Lithuania a law is defined as an act of primary legislation enacted under the procedure prescribed by the Constitution and the Statute of the Seimas, expressing the will of lawmaker and having the highest legal force. Laws are passed following legislative procedure which is the legitimacy of legislation. Legislation procedure can be described as the whole complex of legally significant acts necessary for the adoption of a law and performed in rigid sequence of logic and time. The following stages of the legislative procedure are recognized: the legislative initiative, the consideration of the draft law, the adoption of the draft law and the promulgation. Under Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania the right of legislative initiative belongs to the members of Seimas, The President of Republic, the Government and no less than 50 thousand Lithuanian citizens who are entitled to vote. The consideration of the draft law can be divided into the consideration of the draft law at the principal Committee and the consideration of the draft law at the Seimas. At the Seimas Committees the most thorough analysis of the legal act under preparation is made, consultations of specialists are provided and opinions are heard. Whereas the consideration of the draft law at the Seimas helps to realize the majority rule. During the adoption of the draft law the opinions of the members of Seimas are coordinated and single will is issued. The laws come into effect after they have been signed by the President and after they have been published in the "Official Gazette" ("Valstybės žinios"). The President can decide not to sign the law adopted by Seimas and return it to Seimas to repeat the consideration.

Legislation is one of the fundamental state powers. Its importance is based on the fact that states legal order is created by laws. In Lithuania a law is defined as an act of primary legislation enacted under the procedure prescribed by the Constitution and the Statute of the Seimas, expressing the will of lawmaker and having the highest legal force. Laws are passed following legislative procedure which is the legitimacy of legislation. Legislation procedure can be described as the whole complex of legally significant acts necessary for the adoption of a law and performed in rigid sequence of logic and time. The following stages of the legislative procedure are recognized: the legislative initiative, the consideration of the draft law, the adoption of the draft law and the promulgation. Under Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania the right of legislative initiative belongs to the members of Seimas, The President of Republic, the Government and no less than 50 thousand Lithuanian citizens who are entitled to vote. The consideration of the draft law can be divided into the consideration of the draft law at the principal Committee and the consideration of the draft law at the Seimas. At the Seimas Committees the most thorough analysis of the legal act under preparation is made, consultations of specialists are provided and opinions are heard. Whereas the consideration of the draft law at the Seimas helps to realize the majority rule. During the adoption of the draft law the opinions of the members of Seimas are coordinated and single will is issued. The laws come into effect after they have been signed by the President and after they have been published in the "Official Gazette" ("Valstybės žinios"). The President can decide not to sign the law adopted by Seimas and return it to Seimas to repeat the consideration.

Legislation is one of the fundamental state powers. Its importance is based on the fact that states legal order is created by laws. In Lithuania a law is defined as an act of primary legislation enacted under the procedure prescribed by the Constitution and the Statute of the Seimas, expressing the will of lawmaker and having the highest legal force. Laws are passed following legislative procedure which is the legitimacy of legislation. Legislation procedure can be described as the whole complex of legally significant acts necessary for the adoption of a law and performed in rigid sequence of logic and time. The following stages of the legislative procedure are recognized: the legislative initiative, the consideration of the draft law, the adoption of the draft law and the promulgation. Under Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania the right of legislative initiative belongs to the members of Seimas, The President of Republic, the Government and no less than 50 thousand Lithuanian citizens who are entitled to vote. The consideration of the draft law can be divided into the consideration of the draft law at the principal Committee and the consideration of the draft law at the Seimas. At the Seimas Committees the most thorough analysis of the legal act under preparation is made, consultations of specialists are provided and opinions are heard. Whereas the consideration of the draft law at the Seimas helps to realize the majority rule. During the adoption of the draft law the opinions of the members of Seimas are coordinated and single will is issued. The laws come into effect after they have been signed by the President and after they have been published in the "Official Gazette" ("Valstybės žinios"). The President can decide not to sign the law adopted by Seimas and return it to Seimas to repeat the consideration.

The Senate publishes its rules, precedents, and other related information so that Senators and their staff have convenient access to the Senate's legislative procedures and can gauge how those procedures are likely to apply in various situations. Information about the Senate's legislative procedures is published in four official documents. This report discusses these documents.

The Senate publishes its rules, precedents, and other related information so that Senators and their staff have convenient access to the Senate's legislative procedures and can gauge how those procedures are likely to apply in various situations. Information about the Senate's legislative procedures is published in four official documents. This report discusses these documents.

The Senate publishes its rules, precedents, and other related information so that Senators and their staff have convenient access to the Senate's legislative procedures and can gauge how those procedures are likely to apply in various situations. Information about the Senate's legislative procedures is published in four official documents. This report briefly discusses these documents.

When it enters into force on 1 May 1999, the Treaty of Amsterdam will bring amendments to, among other things, the legislative process of the European Community. There will be no change as far-reaching as the introduction of the so-called "co-decision procedure" by the Treaty on European Union (TEU), but a genuine attempt is made to streamline the process, to render it more transparent and to enhance democratic accountability. Inevitably, though, not all the changes will be for the better. Two steps forwards and one back is, as ever, the favoured locomotive style of the Union's constitution-makers.

In the system of multilevel democracy emerging from the Lisbon Treaty, the ordinary legislative procedure (OLP) embodies the idea that it is possible to have democratic law-making in a polity characterized by a plurality of organized demoi. This article takes stock of this idea by examining what role democratic aspirations played in the invention of the OLP and how this procedure has affected EU policy-making processes, legislative outputs, and political participation in critical new areas of market regulation. Though the OLP is no silver bullet for EU democracy, it embeds the EU policy-making process in a rule-based logic. Its democratic effects are intimately bound up with the evolving institutions of the so-called legislative trilogues.

This report provides an overview of the published sources of information on the House legislative procedures.

The article analyses the role of the Commission, the Parliament, and the Council in the two main legislative procedures in the European Union: co-operation and co-decision (I). We use the legislative history of some 5.000 parliamentary amendments. These procedures have been the subject of a great deal of theoretical debate. According to conventional wisdom the co-decision procedure increases the powers of the European Parliament. Revisionist approaches, however, suggest that the conditional agenda-setting powers accorded to the Parliament by the co-operation procedure are more important than the veto powers ascribed by co-decision. Our analysis demonstrates not only that both claims are correct, but also why. On the aggregate there is a higher success rate of parliamentary amendments under co-decision (I) than under co-operation, just as the data published by the EP indicate. However, controlling for one of the conditions of conditional agenda setting (agreement by the Commission under co-operation), conditional agenda setting empowers the EP more than veto powers. Finally, control of Commission behaviour in both procedures indicates no difference in acceptance rates between co-operation and co-decision. Our analysis explains why all three points above are true. The answer hinges on the activity of the Commission, which was more hostile to parliamentary amendments during the 1989-94 period (more amendments were rejected during this period than during any other period under both co-operation and co-decision). In addition, the power of the Commission has declined under co-decision (because it can be and is more frequently overruled by the other two players, whether its opinion is positive or negative). (British Journal of Political Science / FUB)

There are broader democratic implications in whether legislative deals are concluded between the European Parliament and the Council of Ministers in the co-decision procedure at first reading, as the potential of different interests within the legislative bodies to affect the outcomes varies considerably between this and the later reading stages. This paper therefore examines the extent to which six different explanations can account for early agreement and uses a dataset with all procedures that had their first reading in the first five years after the entry into force of the Amsterdam Treaty. The key conclusion is that factors that the institutions themselves attached importance to before the Amsterdam Treaty entered into force, such as workload and the character of the file, do not have explanatory power, whereas others, such as how close a working relationship exists between the co-legislators, the size of the file negotiated, and whether it is a new act do. Moreover, the paper adds to existing evidence of the relevance of party politics within the institutions by demonstrating that party interests also play a role across them. The chance of early conclusion increases if the negotiators from the Council and the European Parliament come from the same party family.