Suchergebnisse

International audience ; The activity of merchants crisscrossing the mediterranean Sea from West to East has since the early decades of the twentieth century attracted the attention of historians. The analysis of literary and epigraphic sources shows that the presence of Italians in the Eastern increased significantly from the second century BC. The last two centuries of the Republic are also marked by the implementation by Rome of a hegemonic policy in the East. The discovery in many sites in this region, amphoras produced on the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy tends to support the hypothesis of the constitution of commercial networks for export to the East, of italian agricultural products, wine and oil primarily. In Lycia, the city of Xanthos has delivered ceramics assemblages associated with the fill related to a portico bordering the Roman Agora on the site. These level was composed of aegean and italic amphoras. This archaeological context gives the opportunity to insert Xanthos and widely Lycia in marketing italics products networks that hit the eastern part of the Mediterranean to the second and first centuries BC. ; L'activité des marchands au long cours sillonnant l'espace méditerranéen d'Ouest en Est a depuis les premières décennies du XXe siècle suscité l'intérêt des historiens. L'analyse des sources littéraires et épigraphiques montre que la présence des Italiens dans le bassin oriental de la Méditerranée s'est notablement accrue à partir du IIe siècle av. notre ère. Les deux derniers siècles de la République sont également marqués par la mise en œuvre par Rome d'une politique hégémonique en Orient. La découverte, dans de nombreux sites de cette région, d'amphores produites sur la façade adriatique et sur la côte tyrrhénienne de l'Italie tend à étayer l'hypothèse de la constitution de réseaux commerciaux destinés à l'exportation vers l'est des denrées agricoles italiennes, vin et huile prioritairement. La cité de Xanthos a livré un ensemble de mobiliers céramiques associé aux remblais de ...

International audience ; The activity of merchants crisscrossing the mediterranean Sea from West to East has since the early decades of the twentieth century attracted the attention of historians. The analysis of literary and epigraphic sources shows that the presence of Italians in the Eastern increased significantly from the second century BC. The last two centuries of the Republic are also marked by the implementation by Rome of a hegemonic policy in the East. The discovery in many sites in this region, amphoras produced on the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian coast of Italy tends to support the hypothesis of the constitution of commercial networks for export to the East, of italian agricultural products, wine and oil primarily. In Lycia, the city of Xanthos has delivered ceramics assemblages associated with the fill related to a portico bordering the Roman Agora on the site. These level was composed of aegean and italic amphoras. This archaeological context gives the opportunity to insert Xanthos and widely Lycia in marketing italics products networks that hit the eastern part of the Mediterranean to the second and first centuries BC. ; L'activité des marchands au long cours sillonnant l'espace méditerranéen d'Ouest en Est a depuis les premières décennies du XXe siècle suscité l'intérêt des historiens. L'analyse des sources littéraires et épigraphiques montre que la présence des Italiens dans le bassin oriental de la Méditerranée s'est notablement accrue à partir du IIe siècle av. notre ère. Les deux derniers siècles de la République sont également marqués par la mise en œuvre par Rome d'une politique hégémonique en Orient. La découverte, dans de nombreux sites de cette région, d'amphores produites sur la façade adriatique et sur la côte tyrrhénienne de l'Italie tend à étayer l'hypothèse de la constitution de réseaux commerciaux destinés à l'exportation vers l'est des denrées agricoles italiennes, vin et huile prioritairement. La cité de Xanthos a livré un ensemble de mobiliers céramiques associé aux remblais de construction d'un portique bordant l'agora romaine du site, composé notamment d'un lot d'amphores égéennes et italiques. Cet assemblage permet d'insérer Xanthos et plus largement la Lycie dans les réseaux de commercialisation des produits italiques qui ont touché le bassin oriental de la Méditerranée aux IIe et Ier siècles avant notre ère.

"Can we study the social and legal practices related to families in an ancient society even in the absence of relevant literary and legal sources? In Lycia, thanks to our rich corpus of inscriptions, and the regional funerary epigraphic habit, we can. This book brings together for the first time the full range of Lycian epigraphic evidence, examines it in a systematic way, and investigates three central elements of familial life in the Hellenistic and Roman periods: marriage, children, and inheritance practices; in doing so it briefly touches on a number of prosopographical, demographic, and anthropological questions. The book makes an innovative contribution not only to the history of Lycia but also to the wider study of ancient families"--

"Can we study the social and legal practices related to families in an ancient society even in the absence of relevant literary and legal sources? In Lycia, thanks to our rich corpus of inscriptions, and the regional funerary epigraphic habit, we can. This book brings together for the first time the full range of Lycian epigraphic evidence, examines it in a systematic way, and investigates three central elements of familial life in the Hellenistic and Roman periods: marriage, children, and inheritance practices; in doing so it briefly touches on a number of prosopographical, demographic, and anthropological questions. The book makes an innovative contribution not only to the history of Lycia but also to the wider study of ancient families"--

Acutely challenging or threatening situations frequently require approach-avoidance decisions. Acute threat triggers fast autonomic changes that prepare the body to freeze, fight or flee. However, such autonomic changes may also influence subsequent instrumental approach-avoidance decisions. Since defensive bodily states are often not considered in value-based decision-making models, it remains unclear how they influence the decision-making process. Here, we aim to bridge this gap by discussing the existing literature on the potential role of threat-induced bodily states on decision making and provide a new neurocomputational framework explaining how these effects can facilitate or bias approach-avoid decisions under threat. Theoretical accounts have stated that threat-induced parasympathetic activity is involved in information gathering and decision making. Parasympathetic dominance over sympathetic activity is particularly seen during threat-anticipatory freezing, an evolutionarily conserved response to threat demonstrated across species and characterized by immobility and bradycardia. Although this state of freezing has been linked to altered information processing and action preparation, a full theoretical treatment of the interactions with value-based decision making has not yet been achieved. Our neural framework, which we term the Threat State/Value Integration (TSI) Model, will illustrate how threat-induced bodily states may impact valuation of competing incentives at three stages of the decision-making process, namely at threat evaluation, integration of rewards and threats, and action initiation. Additionally, because altered parasympathetic activity and decision biases have been shown in anxious populations, we will end with discussing how biases in this system can lead to characteristic patterns of avoidance seen in anxiety-related disorders, motivating future pre-clinical and clinical research.

The people collectively named the Lycians in modern scholarship are the best represented of the western Anatolian first millennium BC cultures in terms of philological, historical, and archaeological data. This article seeks to better understand the meanings behind Iron Age Lycian mortuary monuments and religious images, and how they reflect Lycian identity and agency in a time of political turmoil. By studying the Lycian mortuary landscape, tombs and images, we can begin to comprehend Lycian perceptions of the afterlife, religion and cultural identity. In particular, we look to the images of the so-called "Harpies" and "Running Men" to better understand evidence of the afterlife, connections to the past and the creation of their own identity of what it means to be Lycian. The study of Lycian mortuary trends, monumental architecture, and religion gives us a small but tantalizing view into the Lycian understanding of religion and death, and how they wielded their own culture as a tool for survival in a politically fraught world.