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National identity issues exist when two or more identities within a nation compete over self-determination,territories, narratives, myths, rights and goals. This paper discusses whether democratization provides the means to resolve national identity problems in such a way that these problems are transformed into constructive dialogues between groups and the state instead of leading to violence or exclusion of groups. Democratization can transform national identity problems by providing political equality between groups and handing the state legitimacy toconstruct a national identity. It concludes that democratization on its own is not enough; it needs to be accompanied by certain conditions such as the construction of a civic national identity and internal political will. These conditions can also be seen as prerequisites for the establishment of a stable and strong democracy.

THIS ARTICLE DRAWS TOGETHER THE THEMES DEVELOPED IN PREVIOUS ARTICLES FROM THIS JOURNAL AND USES THESE TO DEVELOP NEW IDEAS ON HOW SUB-NATIONAL ENGAGEMENT WITH EUROPEAN DECISION-MAKING CAN BE BETTER UNDERSTOOD. IT EVALUATES THE RESPECTIVE SIGNIFICANCE OF BOTH EXTRA-STATE CHANNELS OF ACCESS OF SUB-NATIONAL AUTHORITIES TO EUREOPAN DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES, AND INTRA-STATE CHANNELS ROUTED THROUGH THE INSTITUTIONS OF THE MEMBER STATE. IT CONCLUDES THAT INTRA-STATE CHANNELS ALLOW MORE SCOPE FOR REAL INFLUENCE OVER THE EUROPEAN DECISION-MAKING PROCESS, AND THEN PRESENTS A FRAMEWORK OF ANALYZING THESE INTRA-STATE CHANNELS WHICH IS BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF "EUROPEAN DOMESTIC POLICY".

The Appalachian National Park Association drafted a number of petitions and resolutions favoring the establishment of a national forest reserve and/or a national park in the southern Appalachians. Petitions were circulated among citizens and then presented with resolutions to various state legislators. By 1900, almost 5000 petitions had been signed, and 210,000 pieces of printed matter had been sent out by the association. ; 00~4p ) la A-14 Resolution Endorsing the Appalachian National Park-Movement. The promoters of the Appalachian National Park earnestly invite the endorsement of the following preamble and resolution by every person, corporation, association, business firm or other organization interested in these important economic factors in our national and social well being: The application of scientific forestry tinder government control to the rapidly disappearing forest lands of the Southern Appalachians. The preservation of the forests and the perpetuation of the natural scenery of these mountains. The protection of the headwaters of the various important streams which find their origin in this section, and of the many minor water courses upon which the fertility of the lower levels depend and which many of our industries require for power. The protection of the game, song-birds and fish of the region. The opening up of this great and impressively beautiful region by adequate roads, thus supplying the large centers of trade with .a great sanatorium and resort within a few hours' journey. It is urged that whosoever may read this circular will take active interest in this great project and obtain its endorsement by the most influential body or organization which he can approach and when the blank hereunder is properly signed that it shall be returned to Dr. C. P. Ambler, Secretary of the Appalachian National Park Association, Asheville, N. C. To the Senate and House of Reprsentatives of the United States of America : Whereas, It having come to the knowledge of that there is now a movement on foot under the auspices of the Appalachian National Park Association, for the establishment of a National Park and Forest Preserve in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, preferably in the Western North Carolina Section or adjacent States, to be known as the Appalachian National Park, and Whereas, Those interested in this movement having presented a Memorial to Congress of the United States praying for the appointment of a Commission to investigate the practibility, feasibility and necessity of establishing such a Forest Reservation and Park in the Southern Appalachian Mountains, and Whereas, The Committee on Agriculture, of the Senate, to whom this matter was referred, having reported back to the Senate favorably upon the appointment of such a Commission, and th e Senate of the United States having passed the Amendment as reported by the Agricultural Committee, and Whereas, We believe that the cause of this Association is one deserving of the most careful attention at the hands of the Government, i.herefore be it Resolved, That the endorse the movement of the Appalachian National Park Association, and that we earnestly urge the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States to obtain the careful investigation and report as requested in the Memorial set forth by the Appalachian National Park Association. (Signed) ! - (Date)

"Security policy is a key factor not only of domestic politics in the U.S., but also of foreign relations and global security. This text sets to explain the process of security policy making in the United States by looking at all the elements that shape it, from institutions and legislation to policymakers themselves and historical precedents."--Provided by publisher

Today's realities place strict demands on society and public authorities to increase the efficiency of state management in the field of national security and defense. One of the ways to improve the quality of management decisions is to involve in the system of public administration additional special organizational and technical complexes - situational centers. Before starting any work, it is advisable to study the experience of leading countries and national developments in this area. The article considers the national experience (in the period from 1962 to the present) on the creation of situational centers (crisis centers, information and analytical centers) and systems of scientific and mathematical support of their activities for the needs of individual enterprises, state executive bodies, legislature, and namely: the automated control system of the enterprise "Lviv", the system of operational display of flights of space objects "Rytm-2", creation of a situation room for the Ministry of Justice of the USSR, the situational center in the operational headquarters for the elimination of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster, information management system for the eliminate the consequences of the earthquake in Armenia, the situation hall of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine ("Rada-1", "Rada-2", "Rada-3" systems), the situation center under the President of Ukraine, the situation center of the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, the information-analytical (situational) center under the Cabinet Ministers of Ukraine, the Main Situational Center of Ukraine and the network of situational centers of central executive authorities. The list of the basic guiding documents of the state concerning construction of the corresponding situational centers, the basic executors of the carried-out works is covered. The main shortcomings in the creation of situational centers of the third class are formed, namely: elaboration of issues of forecasting the emergence of crisis situations and elaboration of options for action to prevent them are at an early stage; organizational-functional (organizational-staff) structures of situational centers are formed, as a rule, by an expert. Proposals for improving the construction of situational centers and the quality of management decisions in the field of national security and defense of Ukraine.