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Open Access is gaining momentum in Denmark – not only among libraries but also among the research community and at the political level. Open Access journals exist and the number will grow, self archiving has been established among some institutions and there is ongoing work on a preservation infrastructure. One of the most advanced areas in this aspect is astronomy and the role of Open Access in this area is described from a Danish perspective.

The international Open Access (OA) movement is changing how journal literature is created, disseminated, and purchased. Individuals working in academic, public and special libraries are invited to this session for a demystifying look at "green" and "gold" journals, Open Data, Open Education, Open Government, Creative Commons, and information "harvesting". We'll explore cost models, intellectual property, OA infrastructure, and strategies for supporting this exciting change in the publishing world.

Das vorliegende Sonderheft untersucht, welche Chancen der freie Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen ("Open Access") in der Rechtswissenschaft bietet und welchen Hindernissen er begegnet. Dabei kommt Wissenschaftsverlagen eine zentrale Rolle zu, ihre Perspektive wird daher zunächst ausgelotet. Dass Open Access sowohl mit als auch ohne klassische Verlage möglich ist, zeigen neun Erfahrungsberichte juristischer Open-Access-Periodika. Weitere Beiträge erörtern die Rolle der akademischen Infrastruktur, insbesondere Bibliotheken und Forschungsförderer. Abgerundet wird das Heft durch einen Stimmungsbericht aus der grenzüberschreitenden Tagung zum Thema im Oktober 2018 (www.jurOA.de).

The rise of open source online journals, free online courses, and other changes in the research and education environment, coined the "academic spring" by some commentators, represents an increasing trend in opening up the rules of access for research. Universities, libraries, publishers and even governments are paying attention to this new movement often referred to with the acronym A2K (access to knowledge).

"Making Open Access" deals with the strategic theme of the diffusion of scientific knowledge from an open and positive perspective. Open Access has become one of the key objectives of the innovation policies of the European Union and of the main industrialized countries; and it is essential to know its theoretical features and concrete potential. The authors are all professionals active for many years in this field and therefore have the pulse of emerging issues and of the most critical issues, not only from a theoretical-doctrinal point of view. Each of them faces from a different perspective the more general theme of scientific communication and the practical one of how to make Open Access in the current landscape now strongly aimed at digital. The text is completed by a useful appendix with the reference documents, such as the main texts and the rules currently in force at national and international level.

"Fare Open Access" affronta con approccio positivo e operativo il tema strategico della diffusione del sapere scientifico in ottica open. L'Open Access è diventato uno degli obiettivi chiave delle politiche dell'innovazione dell'Unione Europea e dei princi­pali paesi industrializzati; ed è fondamentale conoscerne i lineamenti teorici e le concrete potenzialità. Gli autori sono tutti professionisti attivi da molti anni in questo campo e hanno quindi il polso delle questioni emergenti e delle maggiori criticità non solo da un punto vista teorico-dottrinale. Ognuno di loro affronta da diverse prospettive il tema più generale della comunicazione scientifica e quello pratico di come fare Open Access nell'attuale panorama ormai fortemente volto al digitale. Il testo è completato da un'utile appendice con i documenti di riferimento, come i principali testi-manifesto e le norme attualmente in vigore a livello nazionale e internazionale.

Scholarly communication as a social activity needs rethinking since this process is in the monopoly of commercial publishers. Authors and their institutions as well as librarians had been working to achieve unrestricted access to research output. In this regard, many researchers around the world gathered in Budapest on February 2002 to decide on global access to publications free of legal and price barriers. This campaign leads to issuing the declaration Budapest Open Access Initiative. This global and scientific gathering was the starting point for open access movement. This new paradigm in scholarly communication is discussed in this paper from price, legal, and business approaches. In relation to open access policies, "green and gold" routes as well as new licences in terms of Creative Commons are considered. Finally, I concluded that higher education institutes should provide suitable infrastructure to make researchers' works accessible to others. At the same time, custodians of higher education have to legislate for new policies to mandate their researchers to publish the outputs in institutional and subject-based repositories.

Die Forderung nach Open Access, d.h. dem freien Zugang zu Artikeln in referierten wissenschaftlichen Fachzeitschriften, hat mit der Budapest Open Access Initiative, den Zeitschriften der Public Library of Science und der "Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities" die Fachwissenschaften, aber auch eine breitere nicht-wissenschaftliche Öffentlichkeit zu erreichen begonnen. Im Kern geht es um die Frage, ob wissenschaftliche Informationen als in der Regel durch öffentliche Mittel subventionierte Ergebnisse der Wissensproduktion und daher als Gemeinschaftsgut – ähnlich wie Gesetze und Urteile – für alle Interessierten ohne Nutzungsentgelte zugänglich sein sollten. Hier trifft sich die Open Access-Bewegung mit Initiativen gegen den Digital Divide, die digitale Kluft, und auch aus diesem Grunde haben Forderungen nach Open Access mittlerweile in politische Manifeste Eingang gefunden, so u.a. in die "WSIS Declaration of Principles" und in den "WSIS Plan of Action". In dem Beitrag wird zunächst kurz entlang eines historischen Abrisses über Inhalte und Ziele der Open Access-Bewegung informiert (Abschnitt 2). Danach wird an einigen Beispielen demonstriert, in welcher Weise die Open Access-Bewegung und Initiativen gegen den Digital Divide konvergieren (Abschnitt 3). Anschließend werden in Abschnitt 4 einige Barrieren diskutiert, die bisher verhindern, dass Open Access breit in der wissenschaftlichen Veröffentlichungspraxis verankert wäre. Abschnitt 5 skizziert hiervon ausgehend einige derzeit diskutierte Szenarien der Umverteilung zwischen "information poor" und "information rich". Hier besteht trotz der Brisanz und Reichweite der Open Access-Bewegung weiter dringender Informations- und Handlungsbedarf – insbesondere auch für die deutschen Fachwissenschaften –, sich mit dem Konzept und der Praxis des Open Access-Publizierens vertraut zu machen.

abstract: Declaration of Conflicts: This project has no conflicts of interest to declare. Context: This project was completed at a federally qualified primary healthcare clinic in Phoenix, Arizona that served patients of all age groups, but primarily cared for the Hispanic population providing primary care, preventative services, family planning, two lab technicians, one promoter, two medical assistant supervisors, five front desk staff, one chief administrative officer, one chief financial officer, two medical directoers who were also providers at the clinic. Problem and Analysis Assessment: During my clinical rotations, I saw the burden a missed patient appointment had not only on the patients themselves, but also on the clinic, providers, and the staff. It caused delay in treatment for patients, and it did not allow other patients that wanted to be seen to be seen. It also increased unnecessary costs and wasted provider time. Thereafter, I met with some of the leadership team and one of the medical directors to determine a solution to reduce the number of missed appointments that were occurring. An educational session was kept to discuss the findings of this problem to the providers and the staff and when surveys were handed out to the patients, providers, and staff to assess their satisfaction with the old scheduling system versus the new scheduling system, they were also provided with a cover letter discussing the project. Intervention: In order for improvements in care to occur, a system process change including the way patients are scheduled must occur. In this case, an open-access scheduling system (OAS) was implemented. OAS allows a patient to schedule an appointment on the 'same-day' or the 'next-day' to be seen. One provider at each of the clinics, each day of the week was available for 'same-day' appointments from 1300-1600. The providers were still available for scheduled appointments using the previous scheduling method. Walk-ins were still accepted, and were scheduled based on patient provider preference; however, if an appointment was not available for their preferred provider, they were typically seen with the provider that was the 'same-day' provider for that day. Strategy for change: Since patients were only allowed to schedule appointments one month in advance, only one month was needed to implement this process change. A recommendation for the future would be to clearly identify the patient encounter type, and label it as a same-day appointment, as this would be helpful when gathering and extracting data for this type of patient group specifically. Measurement of Improvement: Over a three-month period, a data collection plan was used to determine the number of Mas over a three-month period before and after implementation of this change. Satisfaction scores were measured using likert scales for patients, provider, and staff, and a dichotomous scale was used to determine the likelihood of emergency room or urgent care use. A comparison was done to measure revenue during the same time frame. During the three months, a clinically significant decrease in MAs was seen (68% of all patients, providers and staff reported feeling either very satisfied or extremely satisfied with the new scheduling system. Additionally, patients also reported that they were less likely to visit an emergency room(88%) or urgent care (90%) since they were able to be seen the same-day or the next-day by a provider. Effects of changes: An incidental finding occurred during this study - where 877 more patients were seen in the three months during the implementation of this project, compared to the three months prior; which likely resulted in a 41% increase in revenue. Additionally this project, allowed patients that wanted to be seen on the same day, to be seen, and it decreased unnecessary costs associated with emergency room or urgent care visits. Some of the limitations involved included the current political environment, appointment slots that were previously 15 minutes in length (in 2016), increased to 20 minutes in length (in 2017), a language barrier was noted for the patient surveys since English was not the first language for many of the patients who completed the survey (although documents were translated), and the surveys used were not reliable instrument given that a reliable instrument in previous studies could not be found. Lessons learnt: In order to have accuracy of the survey results, it is best for the author of the study to hand out and provide scripture for the survey so that complete data is received from the surveyors. Messages for others: Begin by making a small process change where only one provider allows for the open-access scheduling so that the entire office is not affected by it, and if results begin to look promising then it can be expanded. Additionally, correct labeling of patients as 'same-day' is also important so that additional data can be gathered when needed regarding the 'same-day' patients. Patient/Family/Guardian Involvement: Patients who benefited from the new scheduling system (open-access scheduling) were asked to fill out a survey that asked them to disclose some demographic data and asked them to determine their satisfaction with the new vs old scheduling system and their likelihood of visiting an emergency room or urgent care. Ethics Approval: Arizona State University Institutional Review Board (IRB) Received: September 2017

The international Open Access (OA) movement is changing how journal literature is created, disseminated, and purchased. Individuals working in academic, public and special libraries are invited to this session for a demystifying look at "green" and "gold" journals, Open Data, Open Education, Open Government, Creative Commons, and information "harvesting". We'll explore cost models, intellectual property, OA infrastructure, and strategies for supporting this exciting change in the publishing world.

Obschon Open Access längst im Bewusstsein und der Realität von Bibliotheken und Forschern Platz gefunden hat, sind die Akzeptanz und die Umsetzung Themen, die wiederholter Revision bedürfen. In diesem Beitrag werden deutsche Open Access Initiativen vor dem internationalen Hintergrund beleuchtet, damit Lösungen gefunden werden können, die dem einzelnen Forscher, den Bibliotheken und der Bildungs- und Wissenschaftspolitik dienlich sind. ; Open Access has reached awareness and realities among scientists and in libraries, however the discrepancy regarding the acceptance and realization needs repeated revisions. In this article some German open access initiatives are presented within the reach of international goals. Hopefully this comparison will help to find feasible solutions for educational and scientific information policy.

Der Vortrag stellt das Thema Open Access in einer übergeordneten Ebene und zum Teil als wissenschaftspolitische Strategie dar. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf Open Access als Leitbild, Open Access als Teil der Forschungsförderung und Open Access als Teil der strategischen Ausrichtung von Akteur_innen. Der Vortrag fand statt im Rahmen des Informationstages 'Open Access' während der Mitgliederversammlung des Fachinformationsverbunds "Internationale Beziehungen und Länderkunde" bei der Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik in Berlin am 04.12.2018.