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AbstractPolice corruption, especially in the form of bribery, is a severe social problem in many societies. However, neither the extent nor the factors contributing to police bribery are well understood because of data limitation issues. Understandably, it is incredibly challenging to observe and quantify such bribery, as it is usually considered illegal and/or unethical for police to accept and/or ask for bribes. Agent‐based modelling can solve such data limitation issues because it allows for the realistic modelling of hidden behaviours. This study uses an agent‐based modelling technique to investigate a threshold model of police corruption, more specifically, bribery. The authors assume that agents have a threshold regarding bribery, which may be conceptualised as either an honesty threshold or a risk threshold. The threshold value is a dynamic variable randomly assigned to each agent, and each interaction between citizens and officers possesses the potential to change the threshold of each agent.

This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1978.

This article examines prostitution-related police corruption and malfeasance in the People's Republic of China during the early to mid 2000s, as exemplified by the story of Ma Dandan and six other "virgin prostitute cases" (chunü maiyin an). The media controversy surrounding these cases raises questions about China's proclaimed reform-era adoption of a "rule of law". China's prostitution controls, especially police-led campaigns against prostitution, are criticized by both domestic and international commentators for highlighting the "Party-state's" instrumental view of law as a "weapon" that not only empowers police enforcement activities, but also demonstrates, through the associated problems of corruption and malfeasance, that police officials, unlike ordinary citizens, are "above and beyond the law". An analysis of the virgin prostitute cases and the changing body of prostitution law suggests that, in introducing more lenient and regularized prostitution controls and stricter controls over the exercise of police powers, China is at least sensitive to such arguments. Recent legal changes have placed new limits on the potential for police corruption and malfeasance, and offer better protection of the citizen rights of those apprehended as minor prostitution offenders. (China J/GIGA)

AbstractUsing data from the Afrobarometer surveys, this paper finds that people living in regions in which police corruption is more prevalent are more likely to report that they or someone in their family have been victims of physical assault. People living in more corrupted regions are also more likely to report that they or someone in their family has had something stolen from their home. We find no statistically significant gender differences in the average marginal effects. Controlling for the incidence of corruption in other domains reduces the size of the estimated association but does not render it insignificant in terms of statistical significance or magnitude. Non‐police corruption is also strongly associated with an increased risk of crime. For both types of crime, the evidence points to "transactional" police corruption (having to pay bribes to get help) rather than "predatory" police corruption (having to pay bribes to avoid problems) as driving the relationship. Finally, we show that, controlling for whether the respondent reports being a victim of either type of crime, police corruption predicts an increase in the probability that the respondent reports feeling unsafe while walking in their own neighborhood thus imposing a cost even on those who have not been victims.