Suchergebnisse

A common problem of regional policy is the distribution of funds to regional units. To follow the specific purpose of this budgeting process in a rational way this is often done in a formula allocation on the basis of official statistics. In the paper this is shown with the example of funds for active labour market policy. In Germany, measures of active labour market policy - e.g. training measures, integration subsidies and job creation schemes - are paid from a common budget. For the allocation of these budgetary funds (amounting to EURO 0,194 billion in 2004) to the regions of the Federal Republic of Germany, a formula was developed which was to be based essentially on a labour market indicator. The criteria for the development of a formula allocation were: most accurate fit to the legal guidelines of the Social Code, transparency of the procedure, openness for necessary policy decisions, scientific correctness in implementation, efficiency of the whole process. Here the procedure used in constructing the distribution process is explained and the distribution result is set out. Both were finally passed by the Supervisory Board of the Federal Employment Agency in Germany.

Vor dem Hintergrund der angestrebten gemeinsamen regionalen Industrialisierungspolitik der Länder Kenia, Tansania und Ugunda befaßt sich der Beitrag mit dem 1948 begründeten ostafrikanischen Lizenzsystem als einem Schritt in diese Richtung. (DÜI-Ker)

Regional Allocations of Innovative Activity -- The Case of 3D Printing -- Regional Determinants of Innovative Activity -- Geoadditive Modeling of Diverging Allocations -- Innovative Activity over Space and Time -- Spatiotemporal Modeling of Innovation Promoting Factors

The regional allocation of aid within recipient countries has been largely ignored in the aid allocation literature. We use geocoded data on the location of aid projects financed by the World Bank and the African Development Bank within a sample of 27 recipient countries to assess the claim of donors that their aid targets needy population segments. We also assess whether political leaders in these countries direct aid funds to their home region, irrespective of regional needs. We do not find that the multilateral aid institutions take regional needs into account. Instead, favoritism appears to play an important role for location choices, in particular for physical infrastructure projects.

One of the long-term challenges for policy makers in host countries of migrants is the optimal geographical allocation of the migrant population so as to strengthen integration outcomes and serve the crucial goal of social inclusion. The political debate on the appropriate placement policy of newcomers has continued for years after the large-scale inflows of asylum seekers in Greece. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the dispersal policy of asylum seekers in Greece as implemented under the reception and accommodation scheme. Furthermore, it provides decision makers with an alternative dispersal policy framework driven by the integration outcomes of the already established migrant population in the country. The research encompasses Eurostat NUTS 2 annual data for a choice upon availability of the Zaragoza Integration Indicators and the immigrant population indicator for the thirteen Greek regions. The data cover a ten-year period from 2010 to 2019, and they are analysed with the multiple criteria decision-making method PROMETHEE. In addition to desk research, fieldwork has been conducted to illuminate the results of the model. The paper extends the literature on the governance of migration and contributes to the planning of migrant integration policies in their host countries.

SUMMARYThe regional allocation of aid within recipient countries has been largely ignored. We use geocoded data on the location of aid projects financed by the World Bank and the African Development Bank within a sample of 27 recipient countries to assess the claim of donors that their aid targets needy population segments. We also assess whether political leaders in these countries direct aid funds to their home region. We do not find that the multilateral institutions take regional needs into account. Instead, favoritism appears to play an important role for location choices, in particular for physical infrastructure projects.

Intro -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- List of Variables -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction to the Thesis -- 1.1 First Part -- 1.2 Second Part -- 1.3 Third Part -- 2 State of the Art -- 2.1 Position Towards Other Research -- 2.1.1 Growth Theories and Innovation Geography -- 2.1.2 Spillovers and Knowledge Externalities -- 2.1.3 Regional Innovation Systems -- 2.1.4 Cluster Approaches and Concentration Indices -- 2.1.5 Technology Regime Approaches -- 2.1.6 Evolutionary Economics and Related Variety -- 2.1.7 Other Applied Works -- 2.2 Subsumption -- Part I Regional Allocations of Innovative Activity - The Case of 3D Printing -- 3 Introduction -- 4 Innovation and Space -- 4.1 Theoretical Considerations -- 4.2 Innovation in Space -- 4.3 Space -- 4.4 Regional Localization -- 5 Technology Parameters -- 5.1 Innovation Activity and Patents -- 5.2 Additive Manufacturing -- 6 Methodology -- 6.1 Kernel Density Estimation -- 6.2 Innovation Heat Maps -- 7 Discussion and Conclusion -- Part II Regional Determinants of Innovative Activity - Geoadditive Modeling of Diverging Allocations -- 8 Introduction -- 9 Patents and Innovation -- 9.1 Germany's Economy and the Innovation Sector -- 9.2 Spatial Relations of Patents -- 10 Theoretical Foundations -- 10.1 Covariate Theory -- 10.2 Hypotheses -- 11 Modeling -- 11.1 OLS -- 11.2 Geoadditive Model -- 11.2.1 Derivation -- 11.2.2 REML Estimation -- 12 Conclusion -- Part III Innovative Activity over Space and Time - Spatiotemporal Modeling of Innovation Promoting Factors -- 13 Introduction -- 14 Theoretical Framework -- 14.1 Innovation as Time-Space Relevant Concept -- 14.2 Hypothesizing on Innovative Activity -- 15 Modeling the Innovation Relation -- 15.1 The Data -- 15.2 Model Specification -- 15.3 Programmed Application -- 16 Analyses and Outcomes.

This paper analyses the main determinants of the regional allocation of infrastructure investment. The estimated investment equation is derived from a general specification of the government's objective function (Berhman and Craig, Am. Econom. Rev. 77 (1987) 315), which accounts both for the equity-efficiency trade-off and for deviations from this rule that arise because of political factors. The reaction of investment to changes in the regional output provides information about the strength of the equity-efficiency trade-off. The main political factor considered is a measurement of the electoral productivity of funds invested in each region.