Suchergebnisse

For understanding the demographic, economic and social development of the
researched area, studying the distribution and concentration of population
has a great importance. Spatial concentration of population of Serbia is a
result of the rapid economic transformation after the Second World War. The
intensive migration flows from villages to cities in the 1960s, on the first
place, accompanied by a negative trend of natural population change, on the
second, led to the redistribution and creation of regional and interregional
differences in spatial distribution of population. By applying the chosen
measure, concentration index, on the smallest level of the territorial
structure of Serbia (settlements), the degree of population concentration is
precisely determined and presented. Based on these results, the regional
differences in concentration of population in Serbia are explained, which
was the aim of this paper. Analyzing the results in the study area, four
zones were distinguished: deconcentration i.e. the zone of dispersion, the
zone of moderate, the zone of high and of extremely high concentration. A
comparative study of a chosen indicator pointed to a certain territorial
changes in the distribution of population for the observed period (from 1961
to 2011). At the interregional level, the most intensive spread of
dispersion zone is noticed in the regions of South and East Serbia, Sumadija
and Western Serbia and Vojvodina, while the highest average value of a given
indicator, which records a constant increase as well, is established in the
Belgrade region. Micro-level data showed concentration trend in 11.3% of
settlements, but population dispersion in 88.7% of settlements. The
dispersion zone covers the largest part of Serbia (84.2% of all rural
settlements) and the directions of dispersion are clearly noticeable moving
from the state border to the interior of the territory, and then from larger
regional and municipal centres to the periphery. However, the zone of
moderate concentration has decreased in spatial and demographic terms almost
three times. Intensified processes of concentration led to the creation of
the zone with extremely high concentration of population (41.4% of the total
population of Serbia), but it includes only 1.7% of settlements. Areas with
a high population concentration are limited to the industrialized and
urbanized settlements with favourable traffic-geographical position on the
axes of the state development (corridors). The application of concentration
index to the settlement level of the Republic of Serbia outlined the
differentiation of space, with a significant spatial-demographic imbalance,
resulting in uneven distribution and territorial and demographic
polarization.

This article examines the living arrangements of people between ages fifteen and thirty-five in Europe and the United States. Three regional patterns emerge in Europe. In southern Europe, young people remain for extended periods in the parental home and tend to make direct transitions from living at home to (formal) marriage and parenthood. In northern Europe, youngsters leave home earlier and more commonly live alone or in cohabiting unions. The Scandinavian countries form an extreme example of northern behavior, with particularly early home leaving and high levels of nonmarital cohabitation. In the United States, there are large differences between young blacks, whites, and Hispanics. Formal marriage is as common among whites as it is in southern Europe; the extended family is common for blacks and Hispanics, and lone motherhood among young black American women far outstrips the highest rates in Europe.

The aim of this research is to study regional differences and regional cohesion in Bulgaria in accordance with "Europe 2020" Strategy. On the basis of analyses and comparisons of selected individual indicators, the existing significant differences in the regional development of the 6 NUTS 2 regions in the country are shown. The paper presents also the goals of regional cohesion according to the National Regional Development Strategy 2012-2022, prepared in order to integrate the goals of "Europe 2020" Strategy and the National Development Programme Bulgaria 2020.

This chapter focuses on local public policies relevant to SME development and entrepreneurship in China. Previous research has mainly been concerned with specific policies and programmes promoting innovative SMEs and entrepreneurship at the national level. Using the documents of entrepreneurship policy initiatives and datasets on SME development in two contrasting provinces covering a period of 10 years, entrepreneurship policy in China is shown to be more complex than in most other countries, serving not only entrepreneurial activities but also institutional transition. Geographic disparities in SME development and entrepreneurship are demonstrated (see detailed analysis undertaken in Guangdong and Sichuan). As a result, whilst there are marked differences in the policy priorities in Guangdong and Sichuan, all levels of government share a common goal to promote entrepreneurship and innovation.