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The general objective of the study was to ascertain the contributions of kiosk banking to socio-economic development of rural dwellers in Kwande Local Government Area. Specifically, the study sought to establish services offered by kiosk banking to rural dwellers in the study area and to also determine the effect such services have on socio-economic development of the rural dwellers. The study used a cross sectional survey design while 321 samples were obtained through convenient sampling technique. Questionnaires were used for data collection while percentages, chi-square and Cramer's V were adopted for data analysis. The study found that most (61.1%) rural dwellers had access to kiosk banking services. These services include: cash withdrawals (67.8%) cash deposits (15.8) Point of Sale (POS) channel (87.8%). Furthermore, kiosk banking was found to have significant relationship to living standard of the rural dwellers as X2 = 30.708>p=0.002. However, it was found that the relationship was weak with Cramer's V value of 0.229. Findings also showed low ratings regarding kiosk banking services in regards to the cost of transport (44.9%), service charge (59.2%) and information cost (85.7%). The study concluded that kiosk banking had a significant effect on socio-economic development of rural dwellers. The major challenges of kiosk banking were found to be high withdrawal charges (25.2%) and insufficient funds for huge withdrawals (21.8%). The study recommended for monitoring of charges and improvement in availability of funds to kiosk bankers so as to boost socio-economic activities in rural settlements. It was also recommended that banks should scale up kiosk banking services to encourage more participation and more financial inclusion.

Using the Lafarge Cement Company's example, the study examined the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the well-being of rural dwellers in Nigeria. The design adopted is cross-sectional, where quantitative and qualitative methods were applied in obtaining data from one thousand one hundred and four (1104) respondents from selected communities in the Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria. The research used a multi-stage sampling technique. Data were then analysed using descriptive statistics such as percentages and frequency tables. At the same time, the qualitative data were analysed using content analysis techniques. However, the findings revealed that 62.1% of the respondents reported that they are aware of the existing projects executed by Lafarge Cement Company. While 36.4% of the respondents reported construction and rehabilitation of roads as the projects with the highest attention. The findings of the study further showed that 36.4% of the respondents identified improved income and wealth as the most impacted aspect of their well-being. Beyond investing in infrastructure, the study recommended that more resources be invested in young people's human capital development in rural areas. This will help in achieving sustainable development in rural areas

The thrust of this study was to investigate the effect of poverty on the well-being of rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of poverty on the quality of food and health care services access by rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting four hundred (400) respondents from the rural areas of Yakurr local government area of Cross River State. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Elucidated data were statistically analyzed using linear regression while all hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that poverty significantly affect the quality of food consumed by rural dwellers, it also revealed that poverty significantly affect the quality of health care services access by rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that government, non-government organisations, and wealthy individuals should contribute to the generation of employment, provision of social amenities and support the health needs of rural people in Yakuur local government of Cross River State, Nigeria. Article visualizations:

This study investigated the impacts of vocational and technical education programmes as a positive instrument for the empowerment of rural dwellers in South-South, Nigeria. It was predicated on the assumption that vocational and technical education acquisition is closely related to economic empowerment of the rural populace. This programme as well as the curriculum could be designed to take care of the needs of the learners in order to acquire skills necessary for employment, self-reliance and economic development. The acquisition of these vocational skills will greatly help to empower and transform man into a self-reliant person and make him economically viable. This economic empowerment will greatly help to curb or ameliorate the incidence of youth restiveness, kidnapping, militancy and other social vices that are prevalent in South-South, Nigeria. Hence, it is recommended among other things, that government, private organizations and NGOs should adequately support the funding of vocational and technical education programmes, more qualified facilitators and instructors should be trained, more training schools should be built, youths should be motivated to enroll in the programmes by giving them adequate stipends. DOI:10.5901/jesr.2014.v4n3p233

Pesticides are chemicals essentially needed for food security and health purpose, adding that most of the time, they are being wrongly applied and abused especially by the rural dwellers in developing countries such as Nigeria. The health implication of abuse and misuse of pesticides were reviewed and ways forward suggested. This review will provide the benefits of pesticide use, awareness of the risks posed to people, wildlife and ecosystems. The paper looks into how manufacturers, users and government can minimize risks posed by pesticides. Manufacturers and users should be held more accountable for reducing both short and long-term risks of pesticide use. The primary obligation of manufacturers is to minimize risks posed by pesticides. To ensure that adverse effects on human health and the environment are prevented, pesticide registration, product labeling, government enforcement and applicator education should form the foundation of a comprehensive framework to regulate the manufacture, use and disposal of pesticides. If the various mitigation processes suggested in this review is adhered to, the developing countries will be less contaminated with environmental hazards.

Socio-economic determinants of healthcare services utilization were investigated in Akpabuyo Local Government Area using structured questionnaires, administered to adults in the study area. The general objective of this study was to determine the reason behind underutilization of orthodox health services in the area with particular attention to the socio-economic factors; specific objectives were to ascertain the influence of income level and the relationship between proximity of health facilities and utilization. The research design adopted for this study was the cross-sectional survey design; a sample size of 400 was drawn from adults, selected from each household and the Multi-stage sampling technique was utilized for the process of data collection, which consisted of the systematic random and the purposive sampling techniques. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Pearson product moment correlation (PPMC) were used in the analysis of data generated, for the purpose of arriving at a conclusion and policy recommendation. The findings from this research revealed that income level at all three categories; low, middle and high had significant influence on the utilization of healthcare services, and the proximity of healthcare facilities concerning their distance and location also had a significant relationship on their utilization. Conclusively, it was recommended that there should be equitable distribution of functional health facilities within the wards to reduce distance and travel time, as well as an improvement on household income of rural dwellers in Akpabuyo through numerous private and government interventions as well as improved commercial activities.

The study investigated the use of neglected and underutilized plant species in Akinyele Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria, with the specific objectives of assessing the demographic characteristics of rural dwellers, benefits of neglected and underutilized plant species, examining rural dwellers' knowledge and uses of neglected and underutilized plants, assessing rural dwellers' sources of information on utilization neglected and underutilized plant species. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect information with the aid of structured questionnaire from 120 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, percentages and multiple regression analysis. Respondents were mostly male, married, with little or no formal education. Most preferred sources of information are radio and extension agents. Respondents have a high (70.0%) knowledge of use of these plants. The chi-square analysis indicated that there was a significant (X2 = 17.272, p =0.002) relationship between rural dwellers' level of education and use of neglected and underutilized plant species at 0.05 level of significance. However, age (2 = 5.208, P = 0.391), sex (2 = 1.734, P = 0.42) and Marital status (2 = 1.522, P = 0.467) were not significantly related to the use of neglected and underutilized plant species by rural dwellers. The multiple regression analysis showed that there is a strong correlation between the benefits, knowledge, exposure to information and use of neglected and underutilized plant species. It was recommended that Sensitization programmes on utilization of neglected and underutilized plant species should use preferred sources like radio and extension agents in local languages.

The thrust of this study was to investigate the effect of poverty on the well-being of rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effect of poverty on the quality of food and health care services access by rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. Purposive sampling technique was used in selecting four hundred (400) respondents from the rural areas of Yakurr local government area of Cross River State. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Elucidated data were statistically analyzed using linear regression while all hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that poverty significantly affect the quality of food consumed by rural dwellers, it also revealed that poverty significantly affect the quality of health care services access by rural dwellers in Yakurr local government area of Cross River State, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study it was recommended that government, non-government organisations, and wealthy individuals should contribute to the generation of employment, provision of social amenities and support the health needs of rural people in Yakuur local government of Cross River State, Nigeria.

The study investigated the perception of rural dwellers on nutritional and medicinal values of Moringa oleifera in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria, with the specific objectives of assessing the demographic characteristics of rural dwellers. Also, to determine the level of awareness of nutritional and medicinal values of Moringa, identify the various ways in which respondents consume Moringa, assessing rural dwellers' sources of information and identify the perceived nutritional and medicinal benefits of Moringa in the study area. A purposively sampling technique was used to collect information with the aid of structured questionnaire from 120 respondents. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. The study reveals that more than half of the respondents were mostly male (53.3%), married (60%), while majority of them had some form of formal education. Majority (40.8%) of the respondents preferred taken powdered leaves. The study showed that half (50.0%) and 42.5% of the respondents had access to information through friends/relatives and radio respectively on the utilization of Moringa. It was recommended that the government should try to minimize the constraints encountered by the rural dwellers in the consumption of Moringa by providing the basic amenities necessary for life in rural areas and rural dwellers should be motivated through credit facilities and series of training on cultivation and utilization of Moringa.

This study, which was conducted in Akoko North West Local Government Area of Ondo State, examined the determinants of consumption among rural dwellers. The study considered the influence of some selected variables as identified by literatures related to consumption on the level of consumption in the study area. Data was obtained through primary and secondary sources. A well structured questionnaire was administered on 100 respondents randomly selected from the study areas. Data obtained was analysed with the aid of simple multiple regression analysis. Result showed that current income, expected pension fund, shares and durable assets are positively related to consumption while expected future income and deposits in banks are negatively related. Among other things, study revealed that expected future income, deposits at banks and shares are significant determinants of consumption in the study area. To raise consumption in the study area, respondents should be enlightened on how they can invest in shares. On the other hand, consumption can be reduced in the study area if interest rates on deposits are increased.