Suchergebnisse

The inter-dependence of demographic and economic development both determines
and is reflected in the economic structure of the population.
Industrialization and the process of deagrarization have strongly influenced
the changes in rural population structures. The underdeveloped economy of
Yugoslavia before the II World War of mostly agrarian character and
underdeveloped industry was characterized by excess labor force in villages
and substantial agrarian overpopulation. Preferential treatment of industry
during the post-war period, based on the outpouring of savings from
agriculture, hindered agricultural activity and created discrepancy in the
level or industrial and agricultural development. This led to mass migration
of rural population into cities and its engagement in non-agricultural
activities. Hence, by changing the structure of the economy, the process of
accelerated urbanization also changed the economic structure of the
population. The transfer of rural population continued throughout the period
following the II World War. It was very intensive during certain periods and
far in excess of the natural growth in agricultural population. Abandoning
agriculture and migration to cities has had numerous negative effects,
particularly because of its immoderate and rapid development. Senilization
and feminization of villages practically left them without labor force,
while agriculture became a neglected economic activity. Based on the 1981
census, 45.5% of population in non-urban settlements of Yugoslavia were
economically active, 4.9% were self-employed, while 49.6% were dependents.
The rate of economically active population in these settlements was somewhat
higher than for the total urban and non-urban population. The economically
active population in non-urban settlements is still most highly concentrated
in the agricultural sector, followed by industry and mining. Thus, in 1991,
77.6% of the economically active population of central Serbia were employed
in these three sectors (of which 58.1 % in agriculture). The other three
sectors with relative importance are construction, transport and
communication, and trade. The decline in agricultural population is one of
the most significant changes in the social and economic structure of
population in Yugoslavia. In the period from 1953 to 1991, it declined by
over 3 million persons, while its share in the total decreased almost four
times. Based on the 1981 census, 93.9% of total agricultural population of
Yugoslavia lived in villages. At the same time, it accounted for 43.9% of
population in those settlements. The downward tendency in agricultural
population has continued in recent years as is shown by the 1991 census data
for territories in which it was fully conducted. With the decline in
agricultural population there was also recorded a decline in the number of
persons actively engaged in agriculture as well as a decline in their share
in the work force of non-?urban settlements_ Based on the 1981 census,
almost every second person living in these settlements was an agricultural
producer. General rate of economic activity of agricultural population
amounted to 59.7% and was higher than the rate for total non-urban
population (45.5%) because of higher engagement of border age categories of
the economically active population in agricultural activities.

The level of development throughout the world is explained on the basis of various criteria population are some of these development indicators. For many countries, the rural population and the characteristics of this population are accepted as an important indicator of development. Also, in Turkey, focusing the rural population particularly on the issue of rehabilitation since the founding of the Republic remained on the agenda. Indeed, the rural population in Turkey since the first years of the Republic showed a great change and transformation in terms of both quantitative and qualitative. The continuous contraction of the share of the rural population in the face of the urban population, the change in the rural labor force and finally some changes in the administrative sense, led to the situation of addressing the rural population and especially the female population from a significantly different perspective. Finally, in 2012, in accordance with Law No. 6360, Metropolitan Municipality 30 Metropolitan Municipalities organized in Turkey, rural population in these cities was adopted as 0 (zero). In addition to the many disadvantages of this situation, there are drawbacks to criticism in terms of ignoring the presence of women, which constitutes the largest part of the informal labor force in rural areas. It is debatable that rural women, who are deprived of their social rights and have a low level of awareness and quality of life, are inaccessible with the relevant law in comparison with the relatively urban women. In this study, the state of the overall presence of women in rural areas as a result of administrative arrangements with the relevant distribution in Turkey explained the outlines of the female population in the metropolitan municipalities in rural areas was discussed.

AbstractOur spatial analysis indicates that in 2000 over one third of the rural population in developing countries was located on less favored agricultural land and areas, which are constrained by biophysical conditions or poor market access. We examine whether these spatial distributions of rural population in 2000 influence subsequent changes in the rate of poverty from 2000 to 2012 in 83 developing countries. We find no evidence of a direct impact on changes in poverty, but there is a significant indirect impact via the elasticity of poverty reduction with respect to growth. If climate change leads to more people concentrated in these areas, or an increase in unfavorable agricultural regions, then the poverty-reducing impact of overall per capita income growth could be further weakened. Reducing poverty will require targeting rural populations in less favored lands and remote areas and encouraging out-migration.

This text studies, in the rural populations of South Togoland, variations in family sizes and structures by comparing them to the socio-demographic characteristics of the heads of household and the characteristics of the native populations. This comparative analysis utilizes factor analysis to distinguish two main components in the households the nucleus and the peripheral component—and three groups of household type. The distribution of the family structures reveals an important difference between populations which is based, on the one hand, on the disparity between the total household sizes and the nuclear components, and, on the other hand, on the existence or nonexistence of a number of peripheral individuals.