Suchergebnisse

Today rural sector reform is a paramount issue in Indonesian development. Yet, different social actors have different perspectives and stances towards it. Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) in Indonesia have established themselves in pivotal positions in the social, economic and political landscape across the country, and a large number of their works has often been connected with development in rural sector. But, little has been studied to understand how NGOs in Indonesia, particularly rural NGOs, engage with the issue of rural development itself. With the rural development being one of the oldest issues widely discussed among activists since the early days of the Indonesian NGOs, it is interesting to see how they understand the rural sector reform issue today. An empirical study was conducted recently to see how some Indonesian NGOs, in their endeavour to respond and broaden the discourse, utilise Internet technology. The study employs combination of quantitative and qualitative approach to build a detailed story about how different organisations working in the rural sector reform issue deploy strategies to deal with the issue. By so doing, it aspires to contribute to the advancement of theory relating to the efficacy of Internet as a tool for social reform and development. Two related issues are at stakes. First, amidst everything else, for most NGOs working in rural sector reform, technology is not seen as a compelling issue. Second, the study finds that there is a real need for a further thinking and reflection focusing on what can actually be done with the strategic implementation of the Internet within organisations working in rural issues generally.

This article resumes existing theories for institutional changes in order to develop and to design the evolution, characteristics, and challenges of Albania rural sector. The current figures notes that agriculture accounts: 17% of gross domestic product (GDP), economic growth for agriculture 8% while the average growth of the sector during the period 2005 – 2010 has been 4%. The rural families not continue to dominate the national economy. According Albanian CENSUS 2011, for the first time, the population living in urban areas, 53.5%, has exceeded the population living in rural areas, 46.5%. In spite of the fact that emigration and urbanization brought a structural shift away from agriculture and toward industry and service, Albanian rural sector is the most important alternative of work for rural population. This sector employs almost half of the labour force, but is dominated by small family farms and local producers with low incomes. Besides, 40% of agro-industrial enterprises are in food processing sector. Many problems of sector are evident: legal transformation, restructuration of agricultural production, new orientation of agricultural market, ownership and financial support. The objective of this article is to analyse the problems and the perspectives from transition period to integration's target in EU of Albanian rural sector in the focus of institutional changes. Besides significants transformations, the analyse show that evolution of rural institutional changes in Albania continue to be a complex process and with different characteristics in time. The article recommends institutional strengthens in order to opent new opportunities in rural areas respecting approaches of sustainable development, environment and standards imposed by the European Union (EU).

The paper analyzes tax burden on rural sector and its implication on property right of land. First, tax burden on land property and rural activities, and its incidence on land values are analyzed; next, the author tries to advance an economic foundation theory for evaluating a legal quantitative limit for the determination that judicial intervention had established, or may establish in the future, to define or differentiate tax burden as confiscatory and, therefore, violating property right. ; Departamento de Economía

AbstractThe political elite require resources in order to survive politically. Given the conditions existing in most developing nations, this implies following an inward-oriented development strategy promoting a large-scale, capital-intensive industrial sector. This strategy impoverishes agriculture and implies that the leaders of the industrial sector will make up a critical component of the coalition providing political support to the political elite. Reform allowing for outward-oriented growth will be extremely difficult. Dramatically increasing agricultural productivity provides a means to provide political legitimacy for the ruling elite as well as the political leverage to bring about reform.