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Race has always been a significant sociological theme, from the founding of the field and the formulation of classical theoretical statements to the present. Since the nineteenth century, sociological perspectives on race have developed and changed, always reflecting shifts in large-scale political processes. In the classical period, colonialism and biologistic racism held sway. As the twentieth century dawned, sociology came to be dominated by US-based figures. DuBois and the Chicago School presented the first notable challenges to the field's racist assumptions. In the aftermath of World War II, with the destruction of European colonialism, the rise of the civil rights movement, and the surge in migration on a world scale, the sociology of race became a central topic. The field moved toward a more critical, more egalitarian awareness of race, focused particularly on the overcoming of prejudice and discrimination. Although the recognition of these problems increased and political reforms made some headway in combatting them, racial injustice and inequality were not surmounted. As the global and domestic politics of race entered a new period of crisis and uncertainty, so too has the field of sociology. To tackle the themes of race and racism once again in the new millennium, sociology must develop more effective racial theory. Racial formation approaches can offer a starting point here. The key tasks will be the formulation of a more adequate comparative historical sociology of race, the development of a deeper understanding of the micro-macro linkages that shape racial issues, and the recognition of the pervasiveness of racial politics in contemporary society. This is a challenging but also exciting agenda. The field must not shrink from addressing it.

"Marathonlauf ist zunehmend zu einem Trendsport geworden. Vermutlich verbinden wir alle mit dem Wort Marathon zahlreiche Bilder und Assoziationen. In diesem Artikel möchte ich daher den Fokus auf Marathonlauf als Symbol legen. Im Besonderen geht es mir um die Sicht der LäuferInnen, die mittels qualitativer Interviews und deren Auswertung erhoben wurde. Wie verstehen und interpretieren sie Marathonlauf, welche Bedeutungen werden dem Marathonlauf zugeschrieben? Dabei geht es sowohl um manifeste als auch um latente Bedeutungen. Es ergibt sich ein breites Spektrum an oft gegensätzlichen Möglichkeiten, den Marathonlauf zu interpretieren. Das Faszinierende dabei ist, dass es Marathonbewerbe oft ermöglichen, Gegensätze gleichzeitig zu erleben, wie etwa Anpassung an gesellschaftliche Strukturen gegenüber Rebellion, Freiheit gegenüber Grenzen, hervorzustechen gegenüber durchschnittlich zu sein." (Autorenrerefrat)

Cover -- Half Title -- Series Page -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Notes -- Part I: Fixing the Fetters of Race -- Chapter 1: Marking Barbarians, Muslims, Jews, Ethiopians, Africans, Moors, or Blacks -- "Civilization" and "barbarism" -- Marking religious difference: imagined monstrosity, ugliness, and sin -- Marking skin pigmentation by color -- The workings of the law and the making of race -- Notes -- Chapter 2: Pseudo-Scientific markings of difference -- "Scientific method" -- Pseudo-sciences and racial nationalisms -- Eighteenth century doubleness about imaginings of race -- Notes -- Part II: Recasting the Fetters of Race -- Chapter 3: Legislative, Governmental, and Judicial Markings of Diference -- Self-evident"truths": race and the law in the United States -- South African common law and Coetzee's fiction -- Legal constructions of race in pre-1939 and World War II Germany -- T.S. Eliot, Enid Bagnold, racial "purity," and eugenics -- Notes -- Chapter 4: Slavery and Race -- "Natural" slavery -- African slaves -- History of the British slave trade -- British slave-ownership -- Solomon Northup's Twelve Years a Slave and Toni Morrison's Beloved -- Notes -- Part III: Loosening the Fetters of Race -- Chapter 5: Race and Epistemologies of Othernes -- Signifying relationally: race and nation -- Signifying relationally: race and gender -- Double consciousness -- Race and hospitality -- Identities in exile -- Coda: locating the epistemology of otherness -- Notes -- Conclusion: Race in the world -- Word made flesh -- Ocular proof -- Locations of race -- Disowning race -- Notes -- Glossary -- Index.

Studiet af racisme og racialisering i Danmark er komplekst og behæftet med stærke moralske og politiske interesser og følelser. Ofte omtales racisme og race uden reference til den foreliggende litteratur og betydningsfulde historiske erfaringer og uden inddragelse af de oplevelser, som især synlige minoriteter og danske statsborgere med ikke-vestlig oprindelse har med racistisk tænkning. I denne artikel fører jeg centrale aspekter ved racisme ind i en nutidig faglig diskussion. Jeg stiller en række vigtige spørgsmål og leverer robuste redskaber til at undersøge, hvornår en begivenhed, en trend eller rutine udgør racisme i en akademisk funderet analyse. I artiklen argumenterer jeg for, at analysen i hvert enkelt tilfælde må hvile på en analyse af den specifikke handling. Artiklen er skrevet på baggrund af min forskning i Danmark i de sidste to årtier og diskuterer begreberne race, "race", racialisering, racisme og nyracisme. Den fremlægger desuden litteratur og historiske erfaringer, som jeg mener bør inddrages i en sund, kritisk dialog om racisme i Danmark baseret på et sociologisk og antropologisk fundament.


ENGELSK ABSTRACT:

Peter Hervik: Race, "Race", Racialization, Racism and Neo-Racism

The study of racism and racialization in Denmark is a complex affair encumbered with strong moral and political interests. Often the concepts of racism and race are used without reference to the relevant academic literature or significant historical experiences. Much of the writing does not include the experiences of visible minorities and Danish citizens with a non-Western origin. In this article, I deal with a number of important issues of racism and provide enduring tools for investigating whether an incident, a trend or routine constitutes racism in a research based analysis. One of the arguments of this article is that each case in question must be analyzed as a specific historical act. The article is based on two decades of research in Denmark and employs this research to discuss the concepts of race, "race", racialization, racism and neo-racism. It also presents literary and historical experiences that, in my opinion, must be included for a healthy, critical dialogue about racism in Denmark based on a sociological and anthropological foundation.

Keywords: racialisation, neoracism, racism, neonationalism, cultural war, incompatibility.