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ABSTRACTTelevision rights are the largest component of revenues for major sports in large, rich nations. Among these nations, the market structure for rights varies due to different competition policies toward sports and television. This essay examines how game coverage, revenues, and competitive balance are affected by competition in commercial television and sales of rights. It argues that consumers are better off if television is competitive and leagues do not centralize rights sales. We conclude that centralization of rights sales does not improve competitive balance or benefit financially weak teams. Finally, while digital telecommunications are making television competitive, ending centralization of sales by leagues requires policy intervention.

The largely unregulated early years of Canadian radio were vital to development of broadcasting policy. The Report of the Royal Commission on Radio Broadcasting in 1929 and American broadcasting both changed the direction of Canadian broadcasting, but were mitigated by the early, largely unregulated years. Broadcasters operated initially as small, independent, and local broadcasters, then, national networks developed in stages during the 1920s and 1930s. The late adoption of radio broadcasting policy to build a national network in Canada allowed other practices to take root in the wake of other examples, in particular, American commercial broadcasting. By 1929 when the Aird Report recommended a national network, the potential impact of the report was shaped by the path of early broadcasting and the shifts forced on Canada by American broadcasting and policy. Eventually Canada forged its own course that pulled in both directions, permitting both private commercial networks and public national networks.

In this article we examine the recent debate over the continued role of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in airing National Hockey League (NHL) games on its iconic television show, Hockey Night in Canada (HNIC) . Specifically, we outline the heightened competition between the CBC and private networks for the most desirable sports rights in the context of the explosive growth of subscription television. We then review how the CBC was, in the face of this competition and to the surprise of many commentators, able to secure a new contract with the NHL in 2006. We argue here that, while Canada's public network will never again have the place in Canadian life that it had in the early days of television (Rutherford, 1990), HNIC remains an important investment because it acts as a critical promotional platform for the public network, as well as providing a sizeable revenue stream that subsidizes the network's other programming. We will also argue that providing free-to-air broadcasts of the sport that matters most to Canadians is an issue of cultural citizenship, and thus an important part of the mandate of a public broadcaster, and a matter of national interest.

Part 4: Protocols, Regulation and Social Networking ; International audience ; The paper explores the valuation of radio spectrum granted by the State to radio operators for radio program broadcasting. Radio spectrum may be one of the most tightly regulated resources of all time, since every wireless device, from mobile phones to traditional radio devices, depends on access to the radio frequency wireless spectrum. Due to the scarcity of radio spectrum, the available number of radio broadcasting licenses is limited, therefore the State usually offers the licenses through open tender procedures following several tendering options such as auctions and beauty contests. One of the most crucial factor in the licensing procedures, is the valuation of the offered spectrum. The valuation of the spectrum determines the amount of money that radio operators should pay to the State, in order to hold the spectrum license for a fixed period of time. In this paper a cost model for radio spectrum evaluation is applied in order to identify the most crucial parameters that affect the determination of the spectrum price. The dynamic structure of the model allows a sensitivity analysis study in relation to the assessment of the variation effect of several parameters to the determined spectrum price. The appropriate determination of the examined parameters allow the State to maximize the government revenues but most important to grant the spectrum with the most efficient way.

During the Cold War, radio broadcasting played an important role in the ideological confrontation between East and West. As archival documents gathered in this volume reveal, radio broadcasting was among the most pressing concerns of contemporary information agencies. These broadcasts could penetrate the Iron Curtain and directly address the 'enemy'. Radio was equally important in keeping sustained levels of support among the home public and the public of friendly nations. In the early Cold War in particular, listeners in the West had to be persuaded of the need for higher defence spending levels and a policy of containment. Later, even if other media – and in particular television – had become more important, radio continued to be used widely. The chapters gathered here investigate both the institutional history of the radio broadcasting corporations in the East and in the West, and their relationship with other propaganda agencies of the time. They examine the 'off-air' politics of radio broadcasting, from the choice of theme to the selection of speakers, singers and music pieces. The key issue tackled by contributors is the problem of measuring the impact of, and qualifying the success of, information policies and propaganda programmes produced during the Cultural Cold War. This book was originally published as a special issue of Cold War History (volume 13, issue 2 in May 2013).

First of its kind in the world, this new statute presents some interesting problems in the field of communications. The author, a journalism graduate of the University of Illinois and a candidate for the master's degree there, has traveled and studied extensively in Cuba.