Suchergebnisse

Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction Foreign Policies of Arab States -- 1 Foreign Policy Analysis in the Global Era and the World of the Arabs -- 2 Foreign Policy Approaches and Arab Countries: A Critical Evaluation and an Alternative Framework -- Notes -- 3 Globalization and Arab Foreign Policies: Constraints or Marginalization? -- 4 From Arab System to Middle Eastern System?: Regional Pressures and Constraints -- 5 Regional Leadership: Balancing off Costs and Dividends in the Foreign Policy of Egypt -- 6 Foreign Policy under Occupation: Does Iraq Need a Foreign Policy?

How do the former Soviet republics that now constitute the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) interact with each other and with other regional and world powers? What are the conceptual foundations, mechanisms, and main directions of each member state's foreign policy? What role do economic and political factors play? Answering these questions and more in this systematic, comprehensive survey, a team of in-country experts sheds important light on the complex regional and international interactions of the CIS states in the twenty-first century. A companion website offers a wealth of translated official documents and further, up-to-date information.

In seinem Beitrag zum System der internationalen Beziehungn befaßt sich der Autor schwerpunktmäßig für die Zeit seit dem II. Weltkrieg (eher analytisch als deskriptiv) zunächst mit der sich wandelnden Außenpolitik der USA, der UdSSR, Großbritanniens, der VR China, Japans und Indiens, um sich sodann der Untersuchung der regionalen Systeme zuzuwenden, wobei Krisensituationen, Konfliktherde sowie schwer zu handhabende, ungelöste Probleme wie z.B. die deutsche Teilung im Vordergrund der Betrachtung stehen. (BIOst-Klk)

As the Chinese economy grows, Chinese people&rsquo ; s environmental behavior enormously affects the environment of neighboring countries as well as China. Many studies have related environmental behavior to personal characteristics such as environmental knowledge and attitude or to national policies such as environmental taxes and regulations. Few studies have looked at how regional factors affect residents&rsquo ; environmental behaviors, particularly for China. This is a substantive gap in the literature regarding the effects of regional governments on resident behavior at a closer distance via different mechanisms than the national government. This paper examines determinants of individual pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in terms of regional attributes as well as personal characteristics in China. For this purpose, we applied a multi-level regression model that regresses the degree of PEB on both individual and regional level factors, using Chinese General Social Survey data and the China Environment Yearbook data for the year 2010. The analysis shows that environmental attitude, willingness to pay for the environment, objective and subjective environmental knowledge, and environmental risk perception all promote PEB at the individual level. These results are in line with the existing literature on environmental behavior. In addition, at the regional level, environmental budgets, administrative enforcement, and economic development have positive impacts on resident PEB, while environmental pollution has a negative effect. Specifically, the levels of regional economic development and administrative enforcement not only directly affect behavior, but also indirectly affect behavior by controlling the influence of individual level variables. This means that the relationships between individual level variables and environmental behavior can be changed by regional contextual factors. These results suggest that regional government efforts for the environment can effectively promote PEB.