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Terrorism and the political use of violence are not necessarily synonymous. Terrorism is the use of violence for the primary purpose of creating a general atmosphere of fear and alarm. Thus, a terrorist organization does not limit its tactical use of violence to military and other such strategic targets but will additionally direct its violent tactics against the public at large. If employed by a government, the objective of such a use of terror can be to create submission to a repressive status quo. If used by an anti-governmental group, the objective may be to create a situation of instability in order to facilitate the overthrow of the existing government. In southern Africa, anti-governmental organizations operating in Mozambique, Angola, and Zimbabwe depend on financial and military assistance from the South African regime which utilizes these organizations as one component of its strategy to destabilize the governments of the former countries. This article demonstrates that (1) these anti-governmental organizations, such as União Nacional de Indepêndencia Total de Angola (UNITA) and the Movimento de Resistência Nacional de Moçambique, by their tactics, conform to the definition of a terrorist organization; (2) these anti-governmental organizations could not survive without their linkages to the South African regime; and (3) the South African regime's objective in promoting these anti-governmental organizations is to attempt to continue the status quo inside South Africa.

South Africa has undergone enormous economic, social and political change since the beginning of the democratisation process in 1994. The South African economy, including agriculture, is increasingly integrated in world markets with about one-third of agricultural production exported. It is among the world's leading exporters of such agro-food products as wine, fresh fruits and sugar. At the same time, South African agriculture is highly dualistic with a small number of commercial operations run predominantly by white farmers and large numbers of subsistence farms run by black farm

Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Foreword -- World Map -- Chronology -- Chapter 1: Historical Background on Apartheid in South Africa -- Chapter Exercises -- 1. Apartheid in South Africa: An Overview -- 2. Establishing Separate Communities for Different Races -- 3. The Sharpeville Massacre -- 4. A Student Uprising in Soweto -- 5. South Africa's Bishop Tutu-Time for a Peaceful Solution is Short -- 6. The Beginning of the End for Apartheid -- 7. Apartheid has No Future -- 8. S. Africa Tries Out New System with Risky Plan -- Chapter 2: Controversies Surrounding Apartheid in South Africa -- Chapter Exercises -- 1. Apartheid is the Best Policy for South Africa -- 2. Apartheid is an Evil and Unjust System -- 3. South Africa and Foreign Countries Reacted Differently to the Sharpeville Massacre -- 4. Sanctions should not be Imposed on South Africa -- 5. US Companies may not Truly be Leaving South Africa -- 6. Multiple Factors Caused the Collapse of Apartheid -- 7. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission was Successful -- 8. Mandela, 20 Years On: Change, But for Whom? -- Chapter 3: Personal Narratives -- Chapter Exercises -- 1. A South African Reflects on his Childhood -- 2. A Political Prisoner Serves Time on Robben Island -- 3. An Imprisoned ANC Leader Learns About Soweto and the New Activists -- 4. A White South African Teen Discovers Truths About his Country -- 5. A Human Being Died That Night: A South African Story of Forgiveness -- Glossary -- Organizations to Contact -- List of Primary Source Documents -- For Further Research -- Index -- Back Cover

A review of South African literature on race relations published during the past 5 yrs highlights writings dealing with the areas of poverty, the constitution of South Africa & gov policy, educ, & religion. A selected bibliog of 333 books & periodicals divided into econ, pol'al, historical, educ'al, religious, literary, & general categories is appended. P. D. Montagna.

South Africa has made impressive strides in economic development over thepast two decades. But in recent years, lower growth has exacerbated highunemployment, inequality, and vulnerabilities. Although weak trading partner growthcontributed, domestic factors were an important reason why South Africa's growth hasbeen below that of other emerging markets. Large current account and fiscal deficits, sofar easily financed by global liquidity, have raised vulnerabilities

The Constitution of South Africa provides simply for claimants to represent anyone who cannot act, or a group, or the public interest. In the absence of more detailed procedural rules on how these rights are to operate, the courts have had to grapple with issues on standing within a difficult socioeconomic and political background. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright The American Academy of Political and Social Science.]

This brochure highlights some aspects of the Republic of South Africa's relations with neighbouring countries

South Africa is the world's 25th-largest country by surface area, and 24th-largest by population. It is located at the southernmost region of Africa and divided into nine provinces: Limpopo, North West, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Cape, Western Cape and Eastern Cape. South Africa's colonial past dates to the 16th century. Slavery was widespread by the 17th century and was not abolished until the mid-19th century. Racial discrimination was rampant during the apartheid era between 1948-94, when South Africa was governed by the National Party. After protracted negotiations, the first democratic elections were held under an Interim Constitution in 1994. This negotiated transition from apartheid to democracy has been hailed as both 'one of the most astonishing political achievements of our time' and 'a miracle'. Since 1994 the government has been led by the African National Congress (ANC), which won democratic elections in 1999, 2004 and 2009. Since 1994 the government has pursued democratisation, socioeconomic change and reconciliation.

Cover -- CONTENTS -- A NEW OPPORTUNITY TO REIGNITE GROWTH -- RECENT MACRO-FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTS -- BASELINE SCENARIO: OUTLOOK ON CURRENT POLICIES -- RISK ASSESSMENT -- REFORM SCENARIO: COMPLETING UNFINISHED TASKS -- ADVANCING THE STRUCTURAL REFORM AGENDA -- A. Improving Governance and Fighting Corruption -- B. Advancing Product Market Reforms -- C. Increasing Labor Market Flexibility and Improving the Quality of Basic Education -- D. Leveraging Digitalization -- STABILIZING DEBT AT COMFORTABLE LEVELS -- ANCHORING INFLATION EXPECTATIONS AT LOWER LEVELS -- SAFEGUARDING FINANCIAL STABILITY AND DEEPENING INCLUSION -- STAFF APPRAISAL -- BOXES -- 1. Impact of Key Political Events and Policy Decisions on Markets -- 2. Distributional Impact of Fiscal Policy and Low Inflation -- 3. Recent Actions Taken by the Government to Fight Corruption and Improve Governance -- 4. Improving Efficiency and Reducing Fiscal Costs of SOEs -- 5. Land Reform Considerations -- 6. Addressing the Challenges of Low Education Quality -- FIGURES -- 1. Economic and Social Context -- 2. Real Sector Developments -- 3. External Sector Developments -- 4. Monetary, Banking, and Fiscal Sector Developments -- 5. Financial Market Developments -- 6. Regional Spillovers from South Africa -- 7. Buffers -- 8. Vulnerabilities -- 9. Constraints to Growth -- 10. Restarting Growth -- 11. Readiness for Digitalization -- 12. Stabilizing Debt -- 13. Anchoring Inflation Expectations and Financial Stability -- TABLES -- 1. Selected Economic Indicators, 2013-19 -- 2. Consolidated Government Operations, 2012/13-2020/21 -- 3. Balance of Payments, 2013-23 -- 4. Financial Corporations, 2013-23 -- 5. Financial Soundness Indicators, 2012-17 -- 6. Medium Term Macroeconomic Framework, 2013-23 -- 7. Indicators of External Vulnerability, 2012-17 -- ANNEXES -- I. Governance, Corruption, and Economic Performance