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The electorate's reactions to women congressional candidates are examined using both election returns & survey data. When party & incumbency are controlled, candidate sex alone is found to have little or no effect on election outcomes. A curious interaction is found between candidate sex & party, however. This is attributed to nomination patterns. 8 Tables. AA.

THIS ESSAY EXPLORES THE ROLE OF THE U.N. COMMISSION ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN PROMOTING THE NORM OF NONDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN. THE COMMISSIONS' LEGAL MANDATE, ITS EFFORTS TO DEVELOP THE NORM, TO ACQUIRE A CONSTITUENCY, AND TO INFLUENCE THAT CONSTITUENCY TO OBSERVE THE NORM OF NONDISCRIMINATION ARE DISCUSSED.

Secondary data are summarized in an overview of the types of violence perpetrated against women worldwide, analyzing them from a feminist perspective. It is argued that violence ranging from harassment through rape & murder are forms of patriarchal terrorism, actions that not only express but maintain male dominance. Issues covered include: rape; incest; battery; sexual slavery, including prostitution, sexual mutilation, & forced marriages; femicide, including dowry murder, denial of food, medicine, & other means of support; denial of contraception & abortion; & sexual murder. Pornography & gorenography (sexually violent & objectifying depictions of women in mainstream media) are considered for their contributions to a cultural climate endorsing such violence. 109 References. Adapted from the source document.

The importance of opposing viewpoints -- Introduction -- Violence against women around the world -- Societal causes & effects of violence against women -- A deeper look into violence against women & religion -- How to stop violence against women around the world -- For further discussion -- Organizations to contact -- Bibliography of books -- Index

Violence against women is now recognised as a serious, widespread problem. A range of attitudes and beliefs continue to excuse, justify, minimise and hide physical and sexual violence against women. This title details the forms of violence used against women and their children, presenting the latest research on prevalence and attitudes. It also focuses on countering sexual assault and harassment, and explores approaches to dealing with gender-based violence. Also includes: worksheets and activities, fast facts, glossary, web links, index.

York seeks to answer the question of the extent to which traditional beliefs about gender or gender roles are associated with increased levels of sexual assault and/or domestic violence. She also investigates the extent to which social capital serves as a protective factor with respect to the safety of women. The prevalence of traditional gender attitudes predicted rates of violence against women, specifically sexual assault and domestic violence, while social capital serves as a mitigating factor. In counties with less social capital and more traditional gender attitudes, there were substanti.