Suchergebnisse

This is a conference paper. ; There are no easy conventional solution to Gaza's chronic water crisis and impending environmental catastrophe. Seawater desalination is one of the key transformative interventions strategically considered to address both these issues. UNICEF, with European Union funding, therefore initiated the implementation of a seawater desalination programme in late 2012. The first phase of the seawater desalination plant producing 6,000 m3/d, is the largest to be completed in Gaza and is to be extended to produce 20,000 m3/d to ultimately serve a population of 250,000 people. Seawater desalination remaining an energy intensive process, focus has been on identifying innovative means of generating and conserving energy to tackle the energy-water nexus, given the limited availability of electricity within Gaza. Advance renewable energy and energy recovery technologies have been incorporated to maximise the plant's viability. Such transformative technologies is essential to ensure that Gaza remains a liveable place in the years to come.

This article explores the emergence of tunnels within the Gaza Strip. It argues that tunnels emerged as an implicit response to Israeli policies of separation and control ; and the increasingly sophisticated means used to realize these ends during the peace process and thereafter. The latter included approaches that actively embraced a "politics of verticality," incorporating a volume-based approach to Israeli geopolitical interests and designs. Tunnels would come to reify an insurgent impetus vis-à-vis Israeli ideological ; political and military doctrines on the one hand ; and the structured dependency and ineffectiveness of the Palestinian Authority on the other. Their emergence speaks to the organization and coagulation of many externalities generated by both dynamics ; which effectively captured existent infrastructural assemblages toward colonial imperatives.

Durch soziale Transformationen in den 1980er Jahren wurde im Gazastreifen der Grundstein für die Intifada gelegt. Von der Außenwelt, aber auch von Israel unbeobachtet, hat sich eine Politisierung der Bevölkerung vollzogen, die sich schon vor 1987, dem Jahr des gesteigerten Aktivismus, wiederholt in politischen Unruhen, Protestaktionen und Zusammenstößen mit israelischen Sicherheitskräften und Siedlern gezeigt hat. Vorangetrieben wurde die Politisierung durch die Mobilisierungsanstrengungen der konkurrierenden politischen Gruppen des nationalistischen und islamischen Lagers. (DÜI-Hns)

Community participation in municipalities' decisions and long planning processes ensures their full engagement in determining their own developmental needs. Therefore, identifying the challenges for community participation is considered as a crucial aspect for successful governance and service delivery in the local municipalities of governments. The aim of this paper is to identify and assess the challenges to community participation in Gaza Strip municipalities in Palestine. Ten groups of challenges, which comprise 44 factors for community participation in Gaza Strip municipalities were identified from the literature review and modified according to the pilot study. A structured questionnaire survey was employed in this study. Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to determine the ranks of the main groups of challenges and its corresponding factors, followed by a parametric test that is analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) to test five developed hypotheses. The findings of this paper revealed that shortage of skills was the most significant challenge group to community participation. The second most significant challenge group was the financial challenges. The third significant group of challenges to community participation was lack of interest and support due to limited support from city council and lack of transparency. The findings revealed agreement among all participants in the most significant challenges for community participation, with one exceptional, where there was disagreement on the rating the main groups of the challenges in terms of the population categories.

Demographic, economic, and political conditions and failure of the Sept. 1993 accord to address the deterioration of civil society.