Suchergebnisse

Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration (CARIM) ; Sudan is a sending and a receiving country for economic as well as for forced migrants (refugees). Out-migration from Sudan is caused by conflict and political instability, but also by the desire of Sudanese migrants to have better economic and educational opportunities abroad and, in some cases, family reunification. Migrants coming to Sudan are either refugees or recent voluntary migrants following oil exploration and the signing of the peace agreements in 2005. Statistics show that Asians represent the majority of economic migrants in Sudan, while Ethiopians and Eritreans represent the overwhelming majority of refugees in the country. There is no clear or coherent policy that addresses gender aspects of migration or safeguards the rights of migrant women in particular for either Sudanese or foreign migrants. Migration issues are dealt with through legal frameworks that regulate the presence and work of foreign nationals, and the journeys of nationals. Indeed, laws are not gender sensitive and do not address the concerns of either migrants generally or migrant women in particular. There is a need for legal reform and there is also a need for the introduction of policies or programmes that are gender sensitive when dealing with migration issues. Sudan needs to enter into bilateral agreements with receiving countries, to ensure the protection of migrant Sudanese women abroad and foreign migrant women in Sudan. / Le Soudan est à la fois un pays d'accueil et d'origine pour les migrations de travail et pour les migrations forcées. Les causes de l'émigration sont les conflits et l'instabilité politique, la recherche de meilleures opportunités économiques et d'éducation et, parfois, la réunification familiale. L'immigration, quant à elle, est formée des flux de réfugiés et de migrations de travail récentes à la suite du développement de l'exploitation pétrolière et de la signature des accords de paix. Les statistiques montrent que la majorité des migrants économiques sont originaires d'Asie, tandis que l'écrasante majorité des réfugiés sont Ethiopiens et Erythréens. Tant pour les migrants Soudanais qu'étrangers, il n'existe pas de politique claire ou cohérente relative aux aspects sexués ou « genrés » de la migration ou, plus particulièrement, à la protection des droits des femmes migrantes. Les questions migratoires sont considérées à travers les cadres législatifs relatifs à la présence et au travail des étrangers, et aux déplacements des nationaux. En effet, les lois ne tiennent pas compte du genre et ne répondent pas aux préoccupations des migrants en général et des femmes migrantes en particulier. Il existe donc un besoin de réforme de la législation, ainsi qu'un besoin de créer des politiques et des programmes qui, lorsqu'elles traitent des questions migratoires, tiennent compte du genre. Le Soudan a besoin de développer des accords bilatéraux avec les pays d'accueil afin de garantir la protection des femmes soudanaises émigrées ainsi que des femmes étrangères immigrées au Soudan.

Joint Winner of the Amaury Talbot Prize for African Anthropology 2014. How and where did returning Nuer refugees make their 'homes' in southern Sudan? How were gender relations and identity redefined as a result of war, displacement and return to post-war communities? And how were those displaced able to recreate a sense of home, community and nation? During the civil wars in southern Sudan (1983-2005) many of the displaced Sudanese, including many Nuer, were in refugee camps in Kenya and Ethiopia. In the aftermath of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement, they repatriated to southern Sudan. Faced with finding long-lost relatives and local expectations of 'proper behaviour', they often felt displaced again. This book follows the lives of a group of Nuer in the Greater Upper Nile region. The narratives of those displaced and those who stayed behind reveal the complexity of social change, in particular, the crucial yet relatively unconsidered transformation of gender and generational relations, and how this has impacted on state formation in what is now South Sudan. Katarzyna Grabska is a research fellow with the Department of Anthropology and Sociology of Development at the Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies in Geneva. She is co-editor (with Lyla Mehta), of Forced Displacement: Why Rights Matter? (Palgrave: 2008)

It is increasingly widely recognised that humanitarian assistance is broadly understood in two distinct ways: one is to see it as a part of foreign policy, which is the customary position of donating states; the other is to see it as independent of governments and a matter of relieving suffering without distinction and is embodied in the Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross/ Red Crescent family. The present authors argue that any intervention is necessarily a political event and they support this contention with an examination of assistance in Sudan in general and Darfur in particular. In describing the way in which donating states concentrated on the settlement between Khartoum and south Sudan to the detriment of intervention in Darfur in time to forestall massive human slaughter, the authors are pointing to political failure. They also maintain that the consequence of not recognising and examining the political nature of humanitarian assistance is to reduce people affected by emergencies of all kinds to the status of victim, which deprives them of the ability to be the principal agents of their own recovery.

This paper examines the problematic relationship between oral history and gender and women's history. The article suggests that the methodological and research problems currently facing oral historians of gender in the context of multiculturalism and globalisation can only be overcome by undertaking research that links the small, local and regional focus characteristic of much oral history to new pat‐terns of history writing so that a plurality of voices may be heard. The argument is illustrated by reference to two current research projects: a comparative study of the lives of young migrant women in six European countries; and a study of the meaning of Islam for migrant and non‐migrant women in Bangladesh, Sudan, Ethiopia, Yemen, Mali, and Senegal compared with migrant women in the Netherlands.

This stimulating volume presents an overview of key gender theories and debates, tracing the development of gender as an analytic category in the writing of history. Covering a broad timespan, Kent makes the origins, concepts and methods of gender history accessible to students, showing how they can use gender in their own historical studies.

Prologue : Before the second wave : scholarship on women from the early twentieth century into the 1960s -- Second-wave feminism and the rediscovery of women's history, 1968-1975 -- Feminist historians and the 'new' social history : 1968-1995 -- Is female to male as nature is to culture? : Feminist anthropology and the search for a key to all misogynist mythologies -- Beyond separate spheres : from women's history to gender history -- Gender history, cultural history and the history of masculinity -- Gender, poststructuralism and the 'cultural/linguistic turn' in history -- Gender and history in a postcolonial world -- From separate spheres to the public sphere : gender and the sexual politics of citizenship -- Gender and history in a post-poststructuralist world -- Women's and gender history as a work in progress

AbstractCivilians in Sudan have been devastated by wars for decades, including civil wars that occurred from 1956 to 1972 and from 1983 to 2005, and wars continuing to this day in certain regions. With this article, we offer the findings of an oral history project that showcases the testimony of 116 Sudanese from the following three regions: Darfur, the Nuba Mountains and the Blue Nile state. We focused on their experiences of war and their vision of a just future for Sudan. After presenting summaries of the wars in these regions (Section 1), we identify the project's methodology (Section 2). The respondents' testimony is then analyzed thematically as follows: (a) life before war, (b) experiences of war, (c) becoming refugees, (d) war's impact, and (e) vision of justice in Sudan (Section 3). We then interpret the respondents' vision of justice as expressions of their agency in striving to overcome the systemic inequalities that have ravaged this war‐torn nation. Our analysis reveals the complexity of the respondents' notions of justice as inseparable from peace. Long‐term peace necessities the realization of justice that cannot be achieved without long‐term peace.