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Once unquestionably the world's leading economic and industrial power, the United States now views with growing dismay the impressive industrial efficiency, vigorous work ethics, and large American holdings of various other nations. Is the United States truly lagging in its ability to compete effectively in world markets? Concern over this question has been voiced in both the business and government sectors, as well as by academic economists. A recent conference, sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research, explored the effects of trade policies on a nation's ability to compete in in

1. Introduction and overview / Robert M. Stern -- pt. I. Globalization. 2. What the public should know about globalization and the World Trade Organization / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 3. Globalization's bystanders : does trade liberalization hurt countries that do not participate? / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 4. Global market integration and national sovereignty / Andrew G. Brown and Robert M. Stern. 5. Concepts of fairness in the global trading system / Andrew G. Brown and Robert M. Stern -- pt. II. Analysis of multilateral, regional, and bilateral trading arrangements. 6. Multilateral trade negotiations and preferential trading arrangements / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 7. An overview of the modeling of the choices and consequences of U.S. trade policies / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 8. Issues of manufactures liberalization and administered protection in the Doha Round / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 9. An assessment of the economic effects of the menu of U.S. trade policies / Kozo Kiyota and Robert M. Stern. 10. Trade diversion under NAFTA / Kyoji Fukao, Toshihiro Okubo and Robert M. Stern. 11. Some economic effects of the Free Trade Agreement between Tunisia and the European Union / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 12. A North American Free Trade Agreement : analytical issues and a computational assessment / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 13. Computable general equilibrium estimates of the gains from US-Canadian trade liberalization / Drusilla K. Brown and Robert M. Stern. 14. The effects of the Tokyo Round on the structure of protection / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern -- pt. III. Services trade. 15. Empirical analysis of barriers to international services transactions and the consequences of liberalization / Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern -- pt. IV. International trade and labor standards. 16. Pros and cons of linking trade and labor standards / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 17. The effects of multinational production on wages and working conditions in developing countries / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 18. U.S. Trade and other policy options and programs to deter foreign exploitation of child labor / Drusilla K. Brown, Alan V. Deardorff and Robert M. Stern. 19. Labor standards and international trade / Robert M. Stern.

During the last decade, South Asia's five largest countries - India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal - have been implementing trade policy reforms, gradually moving their economies away from protectionism toward greater trade openness and global economic integration. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the four mainland countries began to follow the liberalizing course on which Sri Lanka had embarked in the late 1970s. Each country faces differing opportunities to exploit and resistances to overcome. Because many of their circumstances and choices are similar, however, this paper seeks to assess their situations collectively as well as separately. Many of its findings are broadly applicable. So, with allowances for historic, economic and social differences, are many of its policy recommendations. The bulk of the report describes key aspects of the current trade regimes in the Jive largest South Asian states and the policies and practices that have produced the systems now in place. It principally focuses on traditional trade policies which affect imports and exports i.e. tariffs, non-tariff barriers, anti-dumping, export policies, and to a limited extent aspects of sanitary and technical regulations that affect trade. All of these are still major issues of concern and debate in South Asia. The report does not attempt to describe where the South Asian countries stand on newer trade policy issues which are prominent in World Trade Organization negotiations, such as trade in services, intellectual property, government procurement and Customs valuation. The report also does not attempt to place the South Asian countries' trade policies in the context of their trade and other aspects of their economic performance. Its purpose is rather to provide up-to-date information about, and interpretations of, the current trade policies it covers, with the idea that this should provide starting points for further applied economic research on useful and relevant topics, as well as points of reference and factual ...

Once unquestionably the world's leading economic and industrial power, the United States now views with growing dismay the impressive industrial efficiency, vigorous work ethics, and large American holdings of various other nations. Is the United States truly lagging in its ability to compete effectively in world markets? Concern over this question has been voiced in both the business and government sectors, as well as by academic economists. A recent conference, sponsored by the National Bureau of Economic Research, explored the effects of trade policies on a nation's ability to compete in international markets. In Trade Policies for International Competitiveness, Robert C. Feenstra collects seven papers from the conference, each accompanied by discussants' comments, and adds a helpful introduction. Some of the issues considered by contributors are effects of macroeconomic and strategic foreign policies on competitiveness; the recent influx of foreign direct investment in the United States, primarily from Japan; the extent to which Japanese trade patterns are a reflection of underlying factor and endowments rather than trade barriers; and the market structure of Canadian industries, including applications for ongoing U.S.-Canadian free trade negotiations. Topical and provocative, these papers will be of value to economists, policymakers, and those in the business world