Suchergebnisse

The topic of the volume is the contrast between borrowable categories and those which resist transfer. Resistance is illustrated for the unattested emergence of grammatical gender, the negligible impact of English and Spanish on the number category in Patagonian Welsh, the reluctance of replicas to borrow English but. MAT-borrowing does not imply the copying of rules as the Spanish function-words in the Chamorro irrealis show. Chamorro and Tetun Dili look similar on account of their contact-induced parallels. The languages of the former USSR have borrowed largely identical sets of conjunctions from Russian, Arabic, and Persian to converge in the domain of clause linkage. Resistance against and susceptibility to transfer call for further investigations to the benefit of language-contact theory

Emerging from centuries of Portuguese colonisation and a violent Indonesian military occupation lasted 24 years (1975-1999), Timor-Leste became the first sovereign state of the 21st century, in 2002. The Democratic Republic of Timor- Leste adopted Portuguese and Tetun Dili as the two national languages and this decision has been under debate since the birth of the nation, not just among local politicians, but also among foreign consultants and scholars. Based on an ethnographic fieldwork lasted 18 months, conducted between 2017 and 2018, this paper aims to address the ambiguities regarding the linguistic diversity in Timor- Leste. Local indigenous languages have been undergoing a process of governmental recognition (being 20 the local languages mentioned in the Constitution as 'mother tongues') and other international institutions have developed projects aimed to their safeguard. However, often both in national institutions as well as to a more grassroot level, the local linguistic diversity is considered more as a burden than as an asset. By focusing on these local ambiguities, the paper aims to discuss the interaction between linguistic prestige and status, as well as economic relations embedded in the Timor-Leste national linguistic policies.

In this presentation, I will be concerned with the entire island of Timor since, historically, it is difficult to discuss one part of the island without reference to other parts, and indeed without reference to the region in which Timor is located. In this presentation, I will try to place Timor within its regional and historical setting.

This paper describes the phenomenon of bilingualism on low ethnic complexity border region of Belu Regency and South Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province. It is marked by its speakers understanding and using Tetun language (TL), Dawan language (DL) and Indonesian language (IL). Therefore, the phenomenon of bilingualism refers to the choice of language use and its factors. In order to obtain the expected data, the research involved 100 respondents. The data obtained through data collection techniques were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods. It was conducted based on the attitude of the language in the dimensions of language loyalty, language pride, and language awareness on norms in the domains of family, education, customs, neighborhood, government, and religion. The results show that the low ethnic complexity border region reflects the natural linguistic phenomenon in the dimensions of social life, and nation without leaving the democratic life within the framework of Timorese culture. Linguistic phenomenon characterized by the choice of TL, DL, and IL is influenced by their own cultural background, political and economic factors. Such the language situation is reasoned by the geographical location not be economically viable for migrants.

This paper describes the phenomenon of bilingualism on low ethnic complexity border region of Belu Regency and South Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province. It is marked by its speakers understanding and using Tetun language (TL), Dawan language (DL) and Indonesian language (IL). Therefore, the phenomenon of bilingualism refers to the choice of language use and its factors. In order to obtain the expected data, the research involved 100 respondents. The data obtained through data collection techniques were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods. It was conducted based on the attitude of the language in the dimensions of language loyalty, language pride, and language awareness on norms in the domains of family, education, customs, neighborhood, government, and religion. The results show that the low ethnic complexity border region reflects the natural linguistic phenomenon in the dimensions of social life, and nation without leaving the democratic life within the framework of Timorese culture. Linguistic phenomenon characterized by the choice of TL, DL, and IL is influenced by their own cultural background, political and economic factors. Such the language situation is reasoned by the geographical location not be economically viable for migrants.

This paper describes the phenomenon of bilingualism on low ethnic complexity border region of Belu Regency and South Central Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province. It is marked by its speakers understanding and using Tetun language (TL), Dawan language (DL) and Indonesian language (IL). Therefore, the phenomenon of bilingualism refers to the choice of language use and its factors. In order to obtain the expected data, the research involved 100 respondents. The data obtained through data collection techniques were analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods. It was conducted based on the attitude of the language in the dimensions of language loyalty, language pride, and language awareness on norms in the domains of family, education, customs, neighborhood, government, and religion. The results show that the low ethnic complexity border region reflects the natural linguistic phenomenon in the dimensions of social life, and nation without leaving the democratic life within the framework of Timorese culture. Linguistic phenomenon characterized by the choice of TL, DL, and IL is influenced by their own cultural background, political and economic factors. Such the language situation is reasoned by the geographical location not be economically viable for migrants.

Half Title page -- This page was intentionally left blank -- Full Title page -- Copyright page -- Contents page -- List of Illustrations -- This page was intentionally left blank -- Acknowledgements -- This page was intentionally left blank -- 1 - Sea Nomadism from the Past to the Present -- 2 - Communities of Practice in a Maritime Worlds: Shared Shell Technology and Obsidian Exchange in the Lesser Sunda Islands, Wallacea -- 3 - Late Pleistocene to Mid-Holocene Maritime Exchange Networks in Island Southeast Asia -- 4 - Southeast Asian Early Maritime Silk Road Trading Politie's Hinterland and the Sea Nomads of hte Isthmus of Kra -- 5 - The Orang Suku Laut: Movement, Maps and Mapping -- 6 - The Linguistic Background to Southeast Asian Sea Nomadism -- 7 - Genomic Perspective of the Origin and Dispersal of the Bajau Sea Nomads in Indonesia -- 8 - Ship Construction and Navigation in the Early South China Seas -- 9 - 'The Muscles and Sinews of the Kingdoms': The Sama Bajau in Early Modern Eastern Indonesia -- 10 - Nomads in the Interstics of History -- 11 - Ethno-archaeological Evidence of 'Resilience' Underlying the Subsistence Strategy of the Maritime-adapted Inhabitants of The Andman Sea -- 12 - Sea People, Coastal Territories and Cultural Interactions: Tetun Terik and Bunaq i nthe Suai District on the South Coast of Timor-Leste -- 13 - The Bajau Diaspora: Origin and Transformation -- 14 - Maritime Diaspora and Creolisation: A Genealogy of the Sama Bajau in Insular Southeast Asia -- List of Contributors -- Index.

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging global health threat which is linked to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics. This study was conducted to understand the knowledge and practices of smallholder pig farmers on antibiotic use and resistance in Timor-Leste. A cross-sectional study using a structured face-to-face interview was conducted in three municipalities. The interview was piloted and implemented in the local Tetun language. This study found that knowledge of antibiotics was very poor as only 12.7% (95% CI: 6.3–23.9) of farmers reported knowing what antibiotics were, and of these only one was able to correctly explain how an antibiotic worked. None of the farmers knew about antibiotic resistance and were able to explain the concept correctly. After the definition of antibiotic was explained to the farmer, only 3.6% (95% CI: 0.8–14.9) reported that their pigs had ever received antibiotics, and the majority of farmers whose pigs had not received antibiotics reported the lack of access to veterinary services. When used, antibiotics were only used for treatment with no reported use for disease prevention or growth promotion. None of the commonly used antibiotics were critically important antimicrobials. Compliance with withdrawal periods was not routinely followed. There is a need to improve access to government veterinary services for farmers in Timor-Leste, while addressing identified knowledge gaps on antibiotics and promoting prudent use practices. The findings from this study serve as baseline information to inform future interventions.

As in other post-conflict states, the international community has been actively promoting the implementation of the rule of law in Timor-Leste. The justice system remains the weakest branch of Timor-Leste's governance architecture. The effectiveness of the justice system is hampered by the fact that laws and proceedings are not always translated into languages understood by all court actors. Timor-Leste has a long history of multilingualism, with at least sixteen language varieties being spoken in the country. Both Tetum and Portuguese are official languages, with Portuguese being predominantly used in the courts, even though less than 10 per cent of the population is fluent in the idiom. The post-colonial legacy was one of two separate legal systems - the formal legal system and the traditional system - operating in parallel. More than a decade after independence, the former continues to have only a peripheral presence in the lives of most East Timorese. This gap between the language of the people and the language of the courts heightens the challenges to nation- and state-building in Timor-Leste. The purpose of this article is to examine the current language policy in Timor-Leste and discuss possible avenues for strengthening the formal justice system in a multilingual environment. (Contemp Southeast Asia/GIGA)