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"This book is the first in a series of essay collections on defences in private law. The series offers a systematic treatment of defences as a connected field. Contributions from some of the world's pre-eminent jurists and scholars provide insights from several common law jurisdictions. The present collection explores the links between tort law defences on a theoretical level, and examines the nature and scope of individual defences. It will be of value to academics and practitioners alike."--Bloomsbury Publishing

ABSTRACT: The object of this paper is the tort liability, which represents an important element of the legal relationships. This paper refers at the legal regulation of the tort liability, as well as its scope. This paper also refers at the two types of liability, representing the general liability that we find in the civil law, which is the relation between the tort liability and the contractual liability. This paper also presents the comparison between the tort liability and the criminal liability, as well as the relation between the tort liability and the patrimonial liability specific to the labour law. We shall speak of the types of tort liability and their classification, referring at the hypotheses regulated by the Civil Code and the related legislation, as well as of the criterion of the fundamental principle of liability. KEYWORDS: criminal liability, contractual liability, patrimonial liability, tort liability, unlawful act

The relatively recent expansion of the liability of federal employees for so-called constitutional torts and the accompanying contraction of the immunity of those employees against suits for such torts have resulted in significant problems for the federal government, its employees, and even for victims of official misconduct. After briefly describing the law of constitutional torts and official immunity, this article will examine a proposal to amend the Federal Tort Claims Act to make the Government the exclusive defendant in constitutional tort suits.