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Cover -- Table of Contents -- Abstract -- I. Introduction -- II. Model, Data and Calibration -- A. A Multi-sector Trade Model -- B. Construction of Main Database -- C. Calibration of Elasticities of Substitution -- III. Scenarios and Results -- A. Scenario Definition -- B. Effects on the U.S -- C. Impact and Spillovers to Other Countries -- IV. The Role of the Elasticity of Substitution Between Domestic and Foreign Goods -- V. Concluding Remarks -- Appendix -- A. Implementing export tariffs as part of the U.S.-China transactional deal -- References.

Intro -- U.S. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND TRADE POLICY -- U.S. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND TRADE POLICY -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS: IMPACT ON U.S. TRADE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR U.S. TRADE POLICY -- SUMMARY -- WHAT ARE FREE TRADE AREAS? -- WHY COUNTRIES FORM FTAS -- FTAS IN THE CONTEXT OF U.S. TRADE POLICY -- OBAMA ADMINISTRATION POLICY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- ECONOMIC IMPACT OF FTAS -- FTAS AND THE WTO -- THE DEBATE OVER FTAS -- CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONGRESS -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 THE FUTURE OF U.S. TRADE POLICY: AN ANALYSIS OF ISSUES AND OPTIONS FOR THE 111TH CONGRESS -- SUMMARY -- THE CURRENT ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL CLIMATE FOR TRADE POLICY -- Political Factors -- Public Opinion -- Congressional Perspective -- Presidential Perspective -- Executive-Legislative Partnership/Tension -- Economic Factors -- Global Economic Downturn -- Emergence of Developing Countries -- Economic Integration and Global Production Networks -- Preferential Trade Arrangements -- Limitations on Trade Policymaking -- "Behind the Border" Trade Barriers -- Trade Deficits -- TRADE ISSUES -- Pending FTAs and FTA Negotiations -- The WTO and the DDA -- Renewal of Trade Promotion Authority -- Reauthorization and Review of Trade Preference Programs -- Trade Enforcement -- Foreign Direct Investment: Bilateral Investment Treaties and FTA Investment Chapters -- THE DEBATE OVER U.S. TRADE POLICY: WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? -- "Trade Liberalizers" -- "Fair Traders" -- "Trade Skeptics" -- THE DIRECTION OF FOREIGN TRADE POLICY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS -- End Notes -- Chapter 3 THE PROPOSED U.S.-PANAMA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT -- SUMMARY -- PANAMA'S CANAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES -- Early U.S.-Panama Economic Relations -- The Canal and U.S. Trade Policy -- PANAMANIAN TRADE RELATIONS

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of preferential trade agreements (PTA) on bilateral trade disputes. We construct a unique and comprehensive dataset on inter‐country trade disputes from 1995 to 2007. The dataset covers 110 countries and 1,162 bilateral country‐pair trade disputes. Using this dataset in a gravity‐type model of trade dispute analysis, we find that countries belonging to the same PTA tend to experience fewer trade conflicts among themselves than with non‐member countries. By studying various types of PTA with different dispute settlement mechanisms, we further find that the dispute‐reducing effect only comes from PTA with specific provisions on dispute settlement mechanisms. Moreover, the effect is stronger if those PTA explicitly stipulate that members can also resolve their disputes via the WTO Dispute Settlement Body. However, having PTA that do not address how members should resolve their disputes may lead to more dispute initiations than in cases without PTA.

The growth of digital trade is dependant upon greater interconnectivity across borders. Several countries strive to achieve such interconnectivity and integration in digital trade through international trade agreements. Digital trade integration is a complex, multidimensional process that integrates regulatory structures/policy designs, digital technologies and business processes along the entire global/regional digital value chain. This paper sets out five foundational elements of digital trade integration: reducing digital trade barriers; digital trade facilitation; digital trade regulatory frameworks and digital trust policies; digital development and inclusion; and institutional coordination. It then examines the extent to which Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) can or do contribute to digital integration. Some recent PTAs contain ambitious provisions to reduce regulatory barriers in digital trade and facilitate cross-border data flows. However, most PTAs fail to holistically support the five pillars of digital trade integration, and are particularly deficient in supporting digital development and inclusion, incorporating adequate digital trade facilitation measures, and facilitating meaningful international regulatory cooperation. This paper provides various policy recommendations to address such deficiencies. This paper also contains a case study of digital trade integration in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). It argues that the ASEAN framework currently functions as a weak form of digital trade integration, focusing mainly on political goodwill and high-level cooperation. Although the ASEAN Members are committed to enhancing regulatory cooperation and strengthening their institutions on electronic commerce, the development asymmetry coupled with the conflicting policy preferences of ASEAN Members remains a key obstacle.

Abstract In an effort to stimulate trade, Canada has conducted regular trade missions starting in 1994, often led by the Prime Minister. According to the Canadian government, these missions generated tens of billions of dollars in new business deals. This paper uses bilateral trade data to assess this claim. We find that Canada exports and imports above‐normal amounts to the countries to which it sent trade missions. However, the missions do not seem to have caused an increase in trade. In the preferred specification, incorporating country‐pair fixed effects, trade missions have small, negative, and mainly insignificant effects.