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▪ Abstract  The transition from the Middle Paleolithic to the Upper Paleolithic is considered one of the major revolutions in the prehistory of humankind. Explanations of the observable archaeological phenomena in Eurasia, or the lack of such evidence in other regions, include biological arguments (the role of Cro-Magnons and the demise of the Neanderthals), as well as cultural-technological, and environmental arguments. The paper discusses issues of terminological ambiguities, chronological and geographical aspects of change, the emergence of what is viewed as the arch-types of modern forager societies, and the hotly debated and loaded issue of modern behavior. Finally, the various causes for the Upper Paleolithic revolution are enumerated, from the biological through the technocultural that relies on the analogy with the Neolithic revolution.

As these cases indicate, unions have an upper hand in organizing, as they must prove only that a proposed unit is appropriate for purposes of collective bargaining. They need not prove that it is the most appropriate unit. The latitude provided for unions to carve out an organizing unit is significant, as it permits a union to effectively gerrymander when identifying the group of employees to represent. Nowhere was this fact more evident than in the highly controversial decision in Specialty Healthcare, 357 NLRB 934 (2011), that established the ability of unions to organize "microunits." Microunits permitted unions even wider latitude to include in a proposed unit only those employees who showed strong union support. While the microunits rule was overturned several years later in PCC Structurals, Inc., 365 NLRB No. 160 (2017), the fact of union gerrymandering remains. The concept of "community of interest" remains a way for a union to increase their odds of success at an election by seeking a unit that concentrates its support among the workers.

A report on the situation in the Upper Nile Region, which of all Sudanese regions has been most severely affected by the civil war in the South. The emergence of disagreements within the ranks of the Sudan Peoples Liberation Army is examined and it is argued, that the rift accounts for the recent improvement of the situation, which allows for a safer transport of relief food as well. (DÜI-Asd)