Suchergebnisse

Contributed articles presented at the National Workshop-cum-Seminar on Water Security and Management of Water Resources held on 23rd February, 2004 at Calcutta, India with reference to water resources development in India

"Arid and semi-arid countries have historically suffered from a plethora of complex water concerns due to its climatic limitations. Research in these regions has long supported the necessity of delivering life sustaining access and availability to water while being inherently linked to several inter-related factors, including technical and economic issues, human resources, health and private sector participation. Regional conflicts and controversial political agendas have also exercised a profound impact on the viability of co-operative water resource and management perspectives."--Back cover

AbstractFollowing a summary of the administrative arrangements in Scotland relating to water resources, details are given (for 1992‐93) of the available yield of sources developed for public water supply, together with information on the types of sources used by water authorities. The overall water demand situation is described, details are given of the components of demand (including 'unaccounted for water'), and comment is made on the demand/yield position for the country as a whole. The outcome of two previous national surveys of existing and future water resources is reviewed and a description is given of the third such survey which has commenced recently. This latest survey will draw on the results of the domestic water consumption study which The Scottish Office reported on in 1993; a summary of this study and its findings are given, and proposed changes to institutional arrangements in Scotland are outlined.

AbstractTheJordanRiverBasin is under great hydric stress. Increases in population and agricultural demand are contributing to the closure of the basin. This paper analyses the results of integrated water resources planning model (WEAP) by studying the vulnerability of water resources in the lowerJordanRiver under a changing climate pattern and growing water demands. Water balance models show that all aquifers supplying the city ofAmman will be depleted within the next few decades. Mitigation measures should include the introduction of additional water into the basin through theRedSea–DeadSea canal, in addition to demand management measures such as water conservation and increase in irrigation efficiency. The findings of this study would provide a useful guide to the co‐riparians for policy formulation, decision making and dispute resolution. Cooperation among the five riparian countries may be improved by building a Geographic Information System (GIS) database that provides access to accurate data for hydrological analysis.

"Sustainable Water Resource Development and Management is a comprehensive volume on this important topic. It broadly covers the sources, availability, demand, and supply of water and its uses in irrigation and crop production in agriculture. It then delves into many specific aspects of water resource development and management, including irrigation creation and utilization, water storage efficiency, conveyance efficiency, distribution efficiency, and application efficiency, the role of water in plant systems and soil-water-plant relationships, estimating the water need for irrigation along with management strategies, water quality in agriculture as well as the impact of water quality on human health, water pricing, wetland management and water productivity, water pollution in agriculture and water contamination in urban and rural areas. Examples and case studies are included to illustrate and reinforce the text, such as reviews of river linking projects, adopted water management technologies for agricultural farms, important irrigation projects (both minor and major), and more. Written by two eminent researchers and scientists in agricultural water management, this informative volume is designed for students of agriculture, researchers, policymakers, and teachers engaged in the field of water management."--

Drylands regions of the world face difficult issues in maintaining water resources to meet current demands which will intensify in the future with population increases, infrastructure development, increased agricultural water demands, and climate change impacts on the hydrologic system. New water resources evaluation and management methods will be needed to assure that water resources in drylands are optimally managed in a sustainable manner. Development of water management and conservation methods is a multi-disciplinary endeavor. Scientists and engineers must collaborate and cooperate with water managers, planners, and politicians to successfully adopt new strategies to manage water not only for humans, but to maintain all aspects of the environment. This particularly applies to drylands regions where resources are already limited and conflicts over water are occurring. Every aspect of the hydrologic cycle needs to be assessed to be able to quantify the available water resources, to monitor natural and anthropogenic changes, and to develop flexible policies and management strategies that can change as conditions dictate. Optimal, sustainable water management is achieved by cooperation and not conflict, thereby necessitating the need for high quality scientific research and input into the process ; http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/8/6/239 ; Published version

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Multi-Reservoir System Operation Theory and Practice -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 State-of-the-Art Review on Operation of Multi-Reservoir System -- 1.1.1 Analytical Analysis of Multi-Reservoir Optimal Operation -- 1.1.2 Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Multi-Reservoir System Operation -- Deterministic Optimization Operation -- Stochastic Optimization Operation -- Numerical Simulation Combined with Optimization Models -- 1.2 Multi-Reservoir Construction and Management Practice in China -- 2 Multi-Reservoir Operation Within Theory Framework of Dualistic Water Cycle -- 2.1 Dualistic Water Cycle Theory -- 2.2 Main Technologies -- 2.2.1 Coupling Technology for Dualistic Model -- Dualistic Model System Outline -- Characteristics of the Dualistic Model -- Function of Dualistic Model System -- 2.2.2 Developing Distributed Hydrological Model for Inflow Prediction -- Fortran 90 Is Used to Rebuild Modeling Codes -- Updated Pre-process Module -- Development of a Module for Automatic Calibration of Parameters -- 2.2.3 Technology to Derive Multi-Reservoir Operating Policy -- 2.3 Dualistic Hydrology Simulation and Regulation System for Upper Reaches of Yangtze River -- 3 Operation Rule Curves for Multi-Reservoir Operation -- 3.1 Equivalent Reservoir Rule Curves -- 3.1.1 The Hedging Rule -- 3.1.2 Parametric Rule to Determine the Reservoir Release -- 3.2 Two-Dimension (2D) Rule Curves for Dual-Reservoir System -- 3.2.1 The Function of 2D Rule Curves -- 3.2.2 2D Rule Curves with Variable Allocation Ratios -- 3.2.3 The Optimization Model and Result Analysis for 2D Rule Curves -- 3.3 Rule Curve Decision Variable Settings and Expression -- 4 Multi-Objective Optimization Operation of Multi-Reservoir System -- 4.1 Mathematic Expression of Multi-Objective Function.

Intro; Preface; Contents; Introducing the Book; 1 Introduction to "Water Resources Management in Romania"; 1.1 Romania: A Brief Background; 1.2 Main Themes of the Book; 1.3 Water Quality; 1.4 Water Supply; 1.5 Antropic Influences to Water Resources; 1.6 Hydrology; 1.7 Case Studies; References; Water Quality; 2 Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) in Romania-European Qualitative Requirements; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methodology; 2.3 Results and Discussions; 2.3.1 The Hydrographical Basin Management Plan; 2.4 Conclusions; 2.5 Recommendations; References