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Frontmatter --Preface /Esman, Milton J. --Contents --Maps --Introduction --I. HISTORICAL AND THEORETICAL EXPLORATIONS --1. Ethnonationalism in the First World: The Present in Historical Perspective /Connor, Walker --2. Political Theories and the Explanation of Ethnic Conflict in the Western World: Falsified Predictions and Plausible Postdictions /Lijphart, Abend --3. The Interfaces of Regionalism in Western Europe: Brussels and the Peripheries /Scheinman, Lawrence --II. CASE STUDIES --4. Continuity in Change: Spanish Basque Ethnicity as a Historical Process /Greenwood, Davydd J. --5. Splitting the Difference: Federalization without Federalism in Belgium /Zolberg, Aristide R. --6. The Social Class of Ethnic Activists in Contemporary France /Beer, William R. --7. Bretons and Jacobins: Reflections on French Regional Ethnicity /Berger, Suzanne --8. French-English Relations in Canada and Consociational Democracy /Smiley, Donald V. --9. Interethnic Relations and the Language Issue in Contemporary Canada: A General Appraisal /Brazeau, Jacques / Cloutier, Edouard --10. Ethnic Conflict in Northern Ireland: International Aspects of Conflict Management /Schmitt, David E. --11. Scottish Nationalism, North Sea Oil, and the British Response /Esman, Milton J. --12. Ethnic Political Conflict in South Tyrol /Katzenstein, Peter J. --13. Does the Consociational Theory Really Hold for Switzerland? /Steiner, Jorg / Obler, Jeffrey --14. Some Causes of Political Change in Modern Yugoslavia /Bridge, Susan --III. CONCLUDING OBSERVATIONS --15. Perspectives on Ethnic Conflict in Industrialized Societies /Esman, Milton J. --Contributors --Index

There is no easy solution to the East-West con flict. The post-World War II period has brought both suc cesses and failures to communism. Events following Stalin's death indicated the disintegration of world communism. But since 1956 the various Communist parties have realized that centralized leadership is necessary to their progress and suc cess—Soviet guidance has now been recognized. The cold war is not a contest between two economic systems—it is a politi cal contest. At the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956, Mr. Khrushchev set aside the old Communist principle of the inevitability of war. This proclamation, however, did not imply a new Soviet course—it meant that war could be avoided because "the imperialists" would not fight; the superiority of communism has been rec ognized, and the West would retreat. The Berlin crisis is a use of this strategy. Russia has remained a continent-bound great power, and to her the number one political issue is Germany. Caution is necessary in any plan of disengagement in Central Europe, for a weak Germany would permit the ex pansion of Russian power over Germany and France. Con federation is proposed in lieu of the unification of Germany. Russia's long-range aim however is the extension of Commu nism in West Germany. On the solution of the German ques tion depends the future of Europe. It is necessary for the West to assume a courageous and dignified posture in this crisis.—Ed.

When NATO leaders descend on Vilnius for next week's annual summit, they will demonstrate that the organisation, newly united behind support for Ukraine, is far from 'brain dead', as French President Emmanuel Macron infamously described ...