Suchergebnisse

Based on materials from published sources, the article comprehensively explores the experience of the preparation and implementation of the evacuation of troops (forces) of the "white" movement and the civilian population from Odessa in February 1920, a historical event from the time of the so-called "Civil War" (1917–1920) on territory of Ukraine.A detailed analysis by the author of domestic, foreign and Soviet documentary materials, memoirs and publications on this topic indicates that this issue has been little studied – a comprehensive study of the problems has been left unattended by historians, the author has not found a holistic, comprehensive and objective military historical study on this topic. Therefore, there is a need for scientific generalization of the indicated experience in the use of troops (forces) during the preparation and conduct of evacuation activities by sea and the development of naval art, as a theoretical basis for solving scientific and practical problemsThe purpose of the proposed article is to disclose and generalize the experience of preparing and conducting the evacuation of troops (forces) of the "white" movement and the civilian population from Odessa in February 1920 to use it in the process of improving the theory and practice of the activities of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The paper analyzes and explores the main causes and factors that directly affected the preparation and conduct of the Odessa evacuation of troops (forces) of the "white" movement and the civilian population by the sea in February 1920 and, as a result, affected its final results.The author focuses on the dependence of the results of the Odessa evacuation by sea in February 1920 on such factors as: the views of the leadership of the naval forces on the preparation and use of their forces; preparedness of the military command and control bodies, available fleet forces (including civilian forces) and the region to carry out evacuation tasks by sea; military-geographical conditions for the operation of naval forces, including the state and development of the equipment of the theater of operations; the composition and balance of power of the parties and the nature of the action of enemy forces. The paper highlights and describes the characteristic features of the preparation and conduct of evacuation measures, evaluates the results of their imple- mentation. ; У статті на матеріалах опублікованих джерел проаналізовано досвід підготовки і проведення евакуації військ (сил) "білого" руху та цивільного населення з Одеси у лютому 1920 року.В умовах "гібридної" збройної агресії Російської Федерації проти України ефективне забезпечення оборони держави з морських напрямків вимагає від Військово-Морських Сил Збройних Сил України доцільних форм і способів їх застосування. В цьому контексті актуальним вважається питання підготовки та проведення евакуаційних заходів морем. Водночас зазначене можливо реалізувати після детального дослідження й узагальнення досвіду реалізації таких операцій (дій) у минулому. Саме тому автором приділено увагу підготовці та проведенню низки евакуаційних заходів, які були здійснені командуванням "білого" руху з Одеси у лютому 1920 року під час події так званої "Громадянської війни" (1917–1920 рр.) на території України.Автором відтворено реконструкцію перебігу подій під час підготовки і ведення евакуаційних дій, оцінено результати їх реалізації.Виявлено та досліджено основні причини та чинники, які негативно вплинули на результати одеської евакуації військ (сил) "білого" руху та цивільного населення морем у лютому 1920 року. Встановлено характерні риси та особливості вказаної евакуації.

Based on materials from published sources, the article comprehensively explores the experience of the preparation and implementation of the evacuation of troops (forces) of the "white" movement and the civilian population from Odessa in February 1920, a historical event from the time of the so-called "Civil War" (1917–1920) on territory of Ukraine.A detailed analysis by the author of domestic, foreign and Soviet documentary materials, memoirs and publications on this topic indicates that this issue has been little studied – a comprehensive study of the problems has been left unattended by historians, the author has not found a holistic, comprehensive and objective military historical study on this topic. Therefore, there is a need for scientific generalization of the indicated experience in the use of troops (forces) during the preparation and conduct of evacuation activities by sea and the development of naval art, as a theoretical basis for solving scientific and practical problemsThe purpose of the proposed article is to disclose and generalize the experience of preparing and conducting the evacuation of troops (forces) of the "white" movement and the civilian population from Odessa in February 1920 to use it in the process of improving the theory and practice of the activities of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.The paper analyzes and explores the main causes and factors that directly affected the preparation and conduct of the Odessa evacuation of troops (forces) of the "white" movement and the civilian population by the sea in February 1920 and, as a result, affected its final results.The author focuses on the dependence of the results of the Odessa evacuation by sea in February 1920 on such factors as: the views of the leadership of the naval forces on the preparation and use of their forces; preparedness of the military command and control bodies, available fleet forces (including civilian forces) and the region to carry out evacuation tasks by sea; military-geographical conditions for the operation of naval forces, including the state and development of the equipment of the theater of operations; the composition and balance of power of the parties and the nature of the action of enemy forces. The paper highlights and describes the characteristic features of the preparation and conduct of evacuation measures, evaluates the results of their imple- mentation. ; У статті на матеріалах опублікованих джерел проаналізовано досвід підготовки і проведення евакуації військ (сил) "білого" руху та цивільного населення з Одеси у лютому 1920 року.В умовах "гібридної" збройної агресії Російської Федерації проти України ефективне забезпечення оборони держави з морських напрямків вимагає від Військово-Морських Сил Збройних Сил України доцільних форм і способів їх застосування. В цьому контексті актуальним вважається питання підготовки та проведення евакуаційних заходів морем. Водночас зазначене можливо реалізувати після детального дослідження й узагальнення досвіду реалізації таких операцій (дій) у минулому. Саме тому автором приділено увагу підготовці та проведенню низки евакуаційних заходів, які були здійснені командуванням "білого" руху з Одеси у лютому 1920 року під час події так званої "Громадянської війни" (1917–1920 рр.) на території України.Автором відтворено реконструкцію перебігу подій під час підготовки і ведення евакуаційних дій, оцінено результати їх реалізації.Виявлено та досліджено основні причини та чинники, які негативно вплинули на результати одеської евакуації військ (сил) "білого" руху та цивільного населення морем у лютому 1920 року. Встановлено характерні риси та особливості вказаної евакуації.

SINCE THE MID-1980S, PRESS ACCOUNTS HAVE WIDELY REPORTED THE ACTIVITIES OF A NEW VARIETY OF RADICAL RIGHT-WING GROUPS OFTEN CHARACTERIZED AS 'WHITE SUPREMACIST'. AMONG GROUPS TO WHICH THE LABEL HAS BEEN ATTACHED ARE ARYAN NATIONS, THE ORDER, POSSE COMITATUS, AND THE COVENANT, SWORD AND ARM OF THE LORD. THESE GROUPS SHARE A BELIEF SYSTEM MADE UP OF FIVE ELEMENTS: (1) 'IDENTITY' THEOLOGY, WHICH ASSERTS THAT WHITES OF WESTERN EUROPEAN EXTRACTION ARE DIRECT DESCENDANTS OF THE BIBLICAL TRIBES OF ISRAEL; (2) A DOCTRINE OF RADICAL SUPERIORITY, WHICH PLACES 'ARYANS' AT THE SUMMIT OF A FOUR-RACE HIERARCHY; (3) BELIEF IN A WORLD JEWISH CONSPIRACY; (4) ADMIRATION FOR NAZISM, TOGETHER WITH ACCEPTANCE OF 'HOLOCAUST REVISIONISM'; AND (5) A MILLENARIAN VIEW OF HISTORY, EMPHASIZING THE IMMINENCE OF THE 'LAST DAYS'. SUCH ORGANIZATIONS TYPICALLY DRAW FROM THIS BELIEF SYSTEM IMPLICATIONS DIRECTLY RELEVANT TO THE STUDY OF VIOLENCE: (1) THE DESIRABILITY OF WITHDRAWING INTO SELF-SUFFICIENT, OFTEN PARAMILITARY, COMMUNAL GROUPS MAINTAINING MINIMAL CONTACT WITH OUTSIDERS; AND/OR (2) SEEKING DIRECT CONFRONTATION WITH POLITICAL AUTHORITY IN THE FORM OF TERRORISM AND GUERRILLA WARFARE (FOR EXAMPLE, THE ORDER'S CRIME WAVE IN 1983-84).

Trends in Negro & white intra-city movement in Chicago are explored through analysis of residential histories from the 1960 'Problems of Living in the Metropolis' survey. An accounting scheme composed of factors prominent in previous studies of metropolitan residential mobility failed to explain the observed diff's between white & Negro mobility rates, suggesting that the higher rates of Negro mobility may be a consequence of residential segregation, the Negro housing market, fam & employment instability, & other factors which diff' ially affect Negroes. AA.

Recognizing the overlap in organized white supremacism in the US, discussion opens by positioning nativist environmentalism in a right-wing framework. In this context, the network, ideology, agenda, & impact of the green nativist movement is described. Ideologically, the movement centers on an identity politics that constructs racial identities in terms of us vs other, manifest in an anti-immigrant environmentalism that depicts a threatened white identity & privileges culture & ethnicity over race in defining differences. This overlaps with white supremacist discourse as do the population-environment Right's views on fertility, reproduction, sexuality, & parenting. The movement sees multiculturalism & diversity as ultimately leading to balkanization & culture wars; the writings of Kevin MacDonald, editor of Population and Environment, serve to illustrate this & are linked to his work on Judaism as a "group evolutionary strategy," ie, the Jewish conspiracy. Regarding its impact, the movement's influence on moderate environmental organizations & the popular imagination is scrutinized. Green nativism may have found itself in a strengthened position as US society swung rightward in the aftermath of 9/11 (2001). It is concluded that population environmentalism & white supremacy share nearly identical goals, ideologies, & agendas & that the population-environment link central to ecofascism encourages a politics of fear & scapegoating. J. Zendejas