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Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Introduction: The Ideal and Contextual Realities of Muslim Women -- Part One: Tile Ideal -- Chapter 1: The Status of Women in Early Islam -- Chapter 2: The Islamic Revolution and Women: Quest for the Quranic Model -- Part Two: Role Changes -- Chapter 3: Roles in Transition: The Evolving Position of Women in Arab-Islamic Countries -- Chapter 4: The Literary Treatment of Women in North Africa -- Chapter 5: Early Feminist Movements in Turkey and/Egypt -- Part Three: Contextual Realities -- Chapter 6: A Traditional Ceremony in an Islamic Milieu in Malaysia -- Chapter 7: Islam and the Legal Status of Women in Tunisia -- Chapter 8: Female Education in Egypt: Changing Attitudes over a span of 100 years -- Chapter 9: The Struggle of Women in the National Development of Pakistan -- Chapter 10: Lessons from Fieldwork in the Sudan.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- About the Authors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Women Entrepreneurs, Islam and the Middle Class -- Introducing Muslim Mompreneurs -- Modernity and Middle-Class Muslim Women -- Muslim Women and Ideal Womanhood -- Analysing Women's Voices and Empowerment -- Overview of Indonesia -- The Scope of This Book -- Notes -- References -- 2 Women and Entrepreneurship in Muslim Countries -- Introduction -- Middle East: Saudi Arabia and Women's Entrepreneurship -- South Asia and Women Entrepreneurship: Bangladesh -- Southeast Asia and Women's Entrepreneurship -- Indonesia -- Malaysia -- Discussions: Muslim Mompreneurs in Modern Patriarchal Societies -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 3 Conditions for the Rise of Muslim Mompreneurs in Indonesia -- Introduction -- Government Policies on Small Businesses -- Policies in Strengthening Small Businesses -- Enhancing Government Institutions for Supporting Entrepreneurial Activities -- Programs Supporting Women Entrepreneurs -- Small Business Training for Women -- Dharma Wanita -- PKK as an Avenue to Learning About Micro Business -- IWAPI: Coaching and Training of Middle-Class Businesswomen -- Emerging Islamic Business Opportunities -- The Impact of Decentralisation and Sharia Economy Policies on Mompreneurs -- Digital Market Places -- Responses of Muslim Women's Organisations to Small Business Development -- Aisyiyah and Muslimat: Creating Harmonious and Healthy Families -- Fostering Businesses of Aisyiyah Members -- Muslimat: Incorporating Traditional Business with Entrepreneurship -- IPEMI: Aspiring to Become a Muslimah Mompreneur -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- 4 Predicaments of Unmarried Career Women -- Introduction -- Delaying Marriage and the Spinster Crisis -- Seeking Polygamy Over Spinsterhood.

Abstract
In this article, I draw on critical investigations of gendered, racialised and sexualised discourses on Islam and Muslim minorities in Western Europe to explore two recent instances of Muslim female intellectuals and artists responding to what has been dubbed "the Muslim question". I shall show that Muslim women's counter-voices are multilayered, conveyed through various means, and context-dependent, as well as dependent on intersectional marginalised positionalities. My goal is to theoretically rethink the feminist methodology of 'talking back' on the basis of the complex ways in which Muslim women establish modes of critique.

A review essay on books by: Nikki R. Keddie & Beth Baron (Eds), Women in Middle East History: Shifting Boundaries in Sex and Gender (New Haven, CT: Yale U Press, 1991); Leila Ahmed, Women and Gender in Islam (New Haven, CT: Yale U Press, 1992; & Deniz Kadiyoti (Ed), Women, Islam and the State (London: Macmillan Press, 1991 [see listings in IRPS No. 76]. The Keddie & Baron collection provides a historical analysis of the impact of laws, mores, norms, & cultural practices in the Middle East on the status of women. The volume addresses such topics as the negative impact on women's public position of interpretations of Ayisha's defeat in the battle of Badare to the gradual liberation of women in contemporary Egypt. Ahmed examines the social construction of gender in Middle Eastern countries through comparative analysis of the discourses & patterns of practices in different societies. Islam is portrayed as exacerbating an erosion of women's rights begun by the expansion of Mesopotamia, Greece, & Christianity into the region. Women's gains in obtaining informal education, maintaining familial property, & participating in the labor market are discussed. The Kadiyoti edition work takes a less historical & broader view, emphasizing Middle Eastern women in the twentieth century in regions ranging from Yemen to Pakistan. The historical role of Islam in determining the position of women, the emergence of feminism, & the redefinition of new Islam alternatives are discussed. D. Generoli

Indian Muslim women are subject to the interface between gender and community within the Indian social, political and economic context. Stereotypes of Muslim Women, entrenched by the trinity of multiple marriages, triple talaq and Purdah have held them hostage for so long that they have become difficult to dislodge. The path-breaking decision of the Supreme Court upholding the constitutional validity of the controversial Muslim Women's Act is an interesting study of the issue of gender justice. The present article would try to locate crucial issue relating to divorce and maintenance (i.e. Muslim Women's Act 1986) that need to be foregrounded to galvanise Muslim Women's struggle for justice and equality and discuss various possibilities as well as hurdles in the path of evolving alternative discourses. Women had to fight every inch of the way due to the ambiguities caused by callous drafting. The Act provided ample scope to husbands to exploit the situation which led to protracted litigation beneficial to husbands and a nightmare to women. But women withstood the ordeal with courage and determination, with patience and perseverance. After a decade and a half, the end result of this persistent struggle are clearly visible. The positive interpretations have ushered new era of protection of rights within the established principal of Muslim law, but still many changes in MPL is yet to come. Now is the right time for Muslim intelligentsia to come up to campaign for their womenfolk of their basic right to survival.

Challenges the theory of particularism, which emphasizes differences between cultures, by examining its approach to gender relations in Iran since 1979. Some focus on the extent to which veiling of women under Islamic law was enforced in the past and is enforced today.

Intro -- Contents -- Introduction: Rights and Lives -- 1. Do Muslim Women (Still) Need Saving? -- 2. The New Common Sense -- 3. Authorizing Moral Crusades -- 4. Seductions of the "Honor Crime" -- 5. The Social Life of Muslim Women's Rights -- 6. An Anthropologist in the Territory of Rights -- Conclusion: Registers of Humanity -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Acknowledgments -- Index.

Discusses gender equality and social factors such as education, income, travel, and age; based on data from questionnaires and personal interviews with 150 working women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.