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Contents: Introduction; 1. The social framing: weak "culture of anti-discrimination"; 2. The four pillars of anti-discrimination in Germany; 2.1 Specific anti-discrimination provisions in German legislation; 2.2 Incorporation of migrants into the general social system; 2.3 General negotiation processes of social institutions and lobby groups; 2.4 Equality-oriented projects and initiatives; 3. Conclusion and recommendation.

The unfolding of structures of governance in the European Union has taken place by means of formalising interactions--directly and indirectly-- among EU's twenty seven Member-States. These interactions mainly affect policy networks which had been traditionally confined to nation-state policy arenas. An emerging new layer of supranational government and an internal all-round political re-structuring are processes well under way. As a multilevel political and institutional framework, the European Union can be seen as a compound of policy processes. Europeanisation therefore implies that sub-state policies are also shaped by factors that lie beyond the Member-States. The anti-discrimination stance of the European Union can be regarded as a cornerstone of future institutional-building and policy-making. Indeed, non-discrimination is a fundamental principal of EU legal order. ; Peer reviewed

The Holocaust remains the ultimate consequence of racism -- yet anti-Semitism is a mere footnote to contemporary human rights agendas. In the United Nations World Conference against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia & Related Intolerance (Durban, 2001) the UN's embargo on the inclusion of anti-Semitism created a rift between delegates, undermining the purpose of the gathering. This article discusses the origins of anti-Semitism, the roots of the Jewish community in GB, its links with Israel & recent attitudes toward Zionism. In GB, current racism parlance excludes anti-Semitism, which limits discussion of antiracism to color distinction. The article concludes with practice implications for British social services professionals denied opportunities to confront their own prejudices or understand the diversity of Jewish people. Adapted from the source document.