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Gains from globalization are threatened by pressures of protectionism among countries. In this context, anti-dumping has emerged as a critical area. This book analyses the importance of anti-dumping agreement from the perspective of developing countries and examines their roles and concerns
Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: Borders Performed -- 1 Staging Independence Day -- 2 Observing Rituals in the Inner Line Zone -- 3 Screening a Contested Landscape -- 4 Songs of Honor, Lines of Descent -- 5 Border Games -- Conclusion: Flowing across the Lines -- Notes -- References -- Index
In: Environmental sciences Europe: ESEU, Band 36, Heft 1
ISSN: 2190-4715
Abstract
Background
This study aims to tackle the lack of freshwater ecotoxicological effect factors (EFs) crucial for determining freshwater ecotoxicity characterization factors (CFs) using the widely accepted scientific consensus USEtox model for ecotoxicity impact characterization. The objectives are: (1) to offer a collection of experimental EFs to support USEtox ecotoxicity characterization factor computations and (2) to contrast ecotoxicity data produced by various quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models against experimental data.
Results
Experimental ecotoxicity data were gathered from the REACH database and CompTox Version 2.1.1, which includes toxicity information from ToxValDB v9.4. QSAR-driven ecotoxicity data were extracted from ECOSAR v1.11 and T.E.S.T. v5.1.2. The experimental and estimated data underwent a harmonization process to ensure consistency. Subsequently, aquatic ecotoxicological EFs were determined. The merged REACH and CompTox databases list EFs for 11,295 substances, each identified by a unique CAS number. Among these, the USEtox database already catalogs 2426 substances with freshwater ecotoxicological EFs. This study expanded on that by calculating EFs for an additional 8869 substances. Using estimated data, EFs were determined for 6029 chemicals based on ECOSAR data and 6762 chemicals using TEST data.
Conclusions
This study calculated EFs for an additional 8869 substances, thereby broadening their inclusion in LCA evaluations. When integrated with the USEtox EFs database, this research encompasses 11,368 chemicals. The high correlation observed between experimental EFs and those in the USEtox database lends significant confidence to the calculations for chemicals not listed in USEtox. Conversely, the low correlation between estimated EFs and those in USEtox suggests limited confidence in calculations based on estimated data. Furthermore, the disparity in correlations between EFs calculated using ECOSAR and TEST indicates that different QSARs can yield varied results. This discrepancy underscores the need for caution when relying on estimated data. Given that EFs are contingent on data availability, it is imperative to periodically update EFs as new data emerges.
In: IIMB Management Review
ISSN: 2212-4446
As digital twin technology continues to evolve, its impact is visible across industries, but without clear regulations, the path to encouraging this growth in a balanced way remains uncertain ...
SWP
In: Astropolitics: the international journal of space politics & policy, Band 22, Heft 1-2, S. 102-113
ISSN: 1557-2943
In: International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research, Band 9, Heft 5, S. 1559-1582
ISSN: 2455-8834
The research has indicated that it is extremely important to empower women not only for the increase in GDP numbers but also as a sense of independence and achievement. This has been validated by the primary data that was collected and analyzed.
O-RAN's ability to decouple hardware and software components of traditional systems fosters flexibility and interoperability, potentially countering China's 5G dominance ...
SWP
The successful implementation of the PLI scheme will be crucial in realising India's vision of becoming a leading manufacturing hub on the world stage ...
SWP