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Apresentação

With English language education increasingly viewed worldwide as an important mechanism for global economic development, many policy makers in developing countries are promoting the English language as the vital skill necessary for successful competition in an ever changing world. Perhaps nowhere is this phenomenon more momentous than in the United Arab Emirates, where the Emirate of Abu Dhabi has committed its vast economic resources towards a new curriculum mandating the change from Arabic to English language instruction in core subjects like Science and Math. To date, few studies have emerged from the Middle East examining the roles teachers play in the growing phenomenon of English language education reform. Conducted in a small, suburban secondary school in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), this dissertation investigates the ways teachers' beliefs impact how they interpret, and subsequently implement, the official curriculum. More specifically, this study examines how teachers' beliefs about the nature of teaching and the role of language in the world impact their interpretations of a government-mandated English language curriculum. Drawing on extensive interview and participant observation data, this study focuses on how teachers use narratives to both construct the role of the teacher and to negotiate the value of the English and Arabic languages. The findings indicate that although teachers at the Najah Boy's High School incorporated their beliefs in often unpredictable ways, particular beliefs shared common structures corresponding to shared cultural frameworks. Drawing from cognitive anthropology, this study found that two such structured belief systems manifested through the utterances and behaviors of teachers at Najah: the teacher as enthusiastic motivational speaker and the teacher as familial role model. The findings also indicated that although the contextual constraints teachers encountered in the school setting (including the mandate that they follow the curriculum verbatim) impacted their interpretations of the school curriculum, teachers' beliefs, in particular those linked to one or more poignant episodes in a teacher's past, had the capacity to trump the impact of contextual social constraints on their interpretations of the curriculum. The findings of this study suggest that teachers are the key to the realization of educational policy. Instead of treating teachers as obedient automatons, policy makers must find ways to include them in the change process.

Mit Beiträgen von: Martin Reisigl -- Martin Wengeler -- Hagen Schölzel -- Wolf-Andreas Liebert -- Ralph Christensen -- Ekkehard Felder -- Dorothee Meer -- Clemens Knobloch -- Annette Leiterer -- Wolfgang Lieb -- Katja Thorwarth -- Stephan Packard -- David Salomon -- Hajo Diekmannshenke -- Tino Heim -- Sabine Schiffer -- Noah Bubenhofer, Philipp Dreesen -- Friedemann Vogel.

The adoption of e-procurement systems in developing countries is progressing slowly due to several challenges and barriers. Likewise, the adoption of e-procurement systems has been extensively studied, with research focusing on direct effects of factors like transparency and compatibility. This research aimed to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of relative advantage and performance expectancy on the adoption of e-procurement systems by combining components from the Technology, Organization, and Environment model with a modified Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. This was accomplished by analyzing the function of attitude as a mediator and the legal framework as a moderator in the suggested study model. This study used a cross-sectional survey research design, together with a stratified sampling technique, to acquire a sample size of 367 respondents. The data were acquired via the distribution of questionnaires and the examination of relevant documents. The collected data underwent descriptive analysis using IBM SPSS statistics version 26, and inferential analysis was performed using PLS-SEM with the assistance of SmartPLS 4 software. The study's results validate a significant statistical moderating impact of the legal framework on the relationship between performance expectancy and attitude towards adoption of e-procurement system. On the other hand, adoption of e-procurement system is impacted by performance expectancy and relative advantage, which have both direct and indirect significances. Attitudes have a direct impact on the adoption of e-procurement system. This study proposes that future research should include respondents from several countries to improve the applicability of the suggested model.

Durante as décadas de 1930 e 1940 no Brasil, discursos que tinham como foco a infância e a juventude oriundos de dois campos diferentes se encontravam na intenção de formar corpos fortes, dóceis e disciplinados. A Educação Física oferecia uma visão militarizada no âmbito do estado autoritário e de seu projeto de construção nacional. Somava-se a isso o discurso dos primeiros médicos do trabalho que colocava em evidência a necessidade de cuidar e proteger os organismos em formação de crianças e jovens cuja presença nas fábricas exigia cuidados específicos. A partir dos investimentos sobre o físico, pretendia-se modelar o seu caráter. A disciplinarização do corpo levaria à do espírito, à obediência e ao controle da vontade.

Resumo: Muitos países, a partir da década de 1990, passaram a utilizar o Regime de Metas de Inflação (RMI) como regime de política monetária, inclusive o Brasil, que o adotou em 1999. Entretanto, há inúmeras críticas ao modo de funcionamento desse regime, além da análise das consequências de seu uso à dinâmica macroeconômica dos países. No contexto do RMI, consideram-se os desvios do produto de seu nível natural à causa do aumento generalizado dos preços, e, assim, utiliza-se a taxa de juros como instrumento de política monetária. Neste trabalho, seguindo-se uma perspectiva pós-keynesiana, que tece críticas a esse regime, inclusive ao considerar que a inflação é um fenômeno multicausado, teve-se como objetivo investigar empiricamente quais são as variáveis explicativas das causas da inflação brasileira no período pós-RMI, especificamente, de 2003 a 2016. Assim, objetiva-se, inclusive, debater se a política monetária baseada nesse regime é condizente com o funcionamento de economias monetárias. Para tanto, além da revisão bibliográfica como método de procedimento, em que se busca apresentar as diferenças teóricas do chamado Novo Consenso Macroeconômico, que dá sustentação ao RMI, e a escola pós-keynesiana, neste trabalho utiliza-se a metodologia econométrica de Vetores Autorregressivos (VARs), que permite analisar inter-relações entre múltiplas variáveis, de modo a se auferirem as variáveis relevantes na explicação da dinâmica de preços no Brasil no período recente. Os resultados encontrados apontam que os fatores do lado da oferta da economia explicam em boa medida a dinâmica inflacionária brasileira no período analisado, indicando, assim, a fragilidade em se utilizar apenas a taxa de juros como instrumento de política monetária.Palavras-chave: Regime de Metas de Inflação. Pós-keynesianos. Inflação. Inflation dynamics and monetary policy in Brazil: a post-keynesian reading using the Self-Regressive Vector (VAR) Abstract: Many countries started to use the Inflation Target Regime (RMI) as a monetary policy regime, including Brazil, which adopted it in 1999. However, there are innumerable criticisms of the way this regime operates, besides the analysis of the consequences of its use to the macroeconomic dynamics of the countries. In the context of the RMI, the deviations of the product from its natural level are taken as the cause of the generalized increase of prices, and thus, the interest rate is used as a monetary policy instrument. This work, following a post-keynesian perspective, which criticizes this regime, including considering that inflation is a multi-caused phenomenon, aims to investigate empirically what are the explanatory variables of the causes of brazilian inflation in the post-RMI period, specifically from 2003 to 2016. Thus, it is also intended to discuss whether the monetary policy based on this regime is consistent with the operation of monetary economies. For this, in addition to the bibliographic review as a procedure method, which seeks to present the theoretical differences of the so-called New Macroeconomic Consensus, which gives support to the RMI, and the post-keynesian school, this work uses the econometric methodology of Autoregressive Vectors (VAR), which allows analyzing interrelations between multiple variables, in order to obtain the relevant variables in the explanation of the price dynamics in Brazil in the recent period. The results show that the factors on the supply side of the economy largely explain the brazilian inflationary dynamics in the period analyzed, thus indicating the fragility of using only the interest rate as a monetary policy instrument.Keywords: Inflation Target Regime. Post-keynesians. Inflation.