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Aus pakistanischer Sicht

In the present context of shrinking conventional resources coupled with environmental perils, the wind power offers an attractive alternative. Wind power generation in India started way back in early 1980s with the installation of experimental wind turbines in western and southern states of Gujarat and Tamil Nadu. For first two decades of its existence until about 2000 the progress was slow but steady. In last one decade Indian wind electricity sector has grown at very rapid pace which has promoted the country to the fifth position as largest wind electric power generator and the third largest market in the world. The galvanization of wind sector has been achieved through some aggressive policy mechanisms and persistent support by government organizations such as MNRE and C-WET. This paper articulates the journey of Indian wind program right since its inception to the present trends and developments as well as the future prospects.

The world is facing an unprecedented global economic crisis, with many countries needing to reconsider their level of health care spending. This paper explores the many consequences of the global economic turndown on Pakistan's health, including reduced government and donor spending and increased poverty with the consequent diversion of funds away from health. Nevertheless, these challenges may provide opportunities not only to mitigate the adverse effects of the economic crisis but also to institute some much-needed reforms that may not receive political support during more affluent times. Our suggestions focus on setting priorities based on the national disease burden, prioritizing prevention interventions, demanding results, curbing corruption, experimenting with innovative funding mechanisms, advocating for increased funding by presenting health spending as an investment rather than an expense and by selected recourse to civil society interventions and philanthropy to bridge the gap between available and needed resources.

This study measures the economic impacts and constraints of parental imprisonment over the left-behind children in the District Lower Dir in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The data is collected through the interview schedule prepared in accordance with the Sekaran table (2003) of the standard sample size using the Chi-square test. The findings of the study show a highly significant association between parental imprisonment and their children having difficulty managed their expenses. Similarly, results show a significant association between parental imprisonment and their children's interest in cellular phones and luxurious equipment and facilities. Additionally, the analysis shows that due to lack of proper supervision, there is a significant association between parental imprisonment and their children's misuse of the daily expenses of the household. Likewise, the data shows a highly significant association of these children with a lazy attitude toward income generation for the livelihood of their family. Similarly, the assessment shows a significant association of these children having produced economic needs in an illegal method. Furthermore, a highly significant association is found in children of imprisoned parents having a financial background from the middle class thus waste a lot of money in parties and other gatherings with friends.

Purpose: Although volunteer tourism has been studied via several theoretical lenses, little is known about the behavioural intention of potential volunteer tourists from developing nations. This study aimed to identify the behavioural intention of potential volunteer tourists and the factors motivating them. This study extends the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to identify the potential volunteer tourists' behavioural intentions by adding four motivations: altruism, personal development, escape, and travel.

Methods: A total of 272 valid responses were collected through an online survey. SmartPLS 3.0 was used to test the hypotheses.

Results: The findings indicate that attitude, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms, escape, and personal development positively influences potential volunteer tourists' intention to take part in volunteer tourism programs. However, altruism and travel do not influence the potential volunteer tourists' intention to take part in volunteer tourism programs.

Implications: Volunteer tourism organisers will get help from the present study's findings to design or improve volunteer tourism programs and activities accordingly, resulting in improved volunteer tourism experiences and, ultimately, impacting the tourists' intention to take part in volunteer tourism programs.

Islamophobia is the term used to refer to the discrimination against the one who practices Islam, called Muslims. It is the combination of many things that includes dislike, terror, and prejudice towards the things that are part of the Muslim religion, including Holy places where they worship, the Hijab, The Holy Book Quran, etc. Aggressive and hateful behavior is shown towards Muslims by burning their holy places, banning the Hijab, and badmouthing about the Prophet or something very dear to Muslims. The name Islam has linked up with the worst perception of unsafe, violence,terrorism, and tough religion with many boundaries by the stereotypes, and they are considered as some kind of inhuman from another earth. The research is qualitative, based on document analysis and the review of previously published material related to the relevant theme. It finds that there are several challenges faced by Muslims in the Western world and now the concept is on the rise with the negative use of media around the world.

Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21, 1899 - July 2, 1961) is one of the most widely read American novelist of the 19th century, whose works have been variously interpreted. His fiction was influenced by different sociological, political and psychological trends of the time. The adventures of his personal life inspired some of the fascinating stories in his fiction. A Farewell to Arms projects the concept of individual struggle in the face of stiff resistance. His protagonist helplessly strives to define his existence; he, however, miserably fails in his struggle for actualizing his existence. But ultimately, he learns the secret of a meaningful existence. This study traces these elements of existentialist philosophy and examines its influence on the art of Hemingway. Although his views are also influenced and modified by the trends of the time, the influence of existentialist philosophy is vividly visible in all his writings. The paper analyzes the major works of Hemingway, particularly his famous novel A Farewell to Arms, in the light of existentialism. It specifically focuses on the rise and fall of the hero and heroine in the novel when they try to define their existence in this free and void world.

The on-going research is being done to understand the existing sport-experiences of players and officials about the expansion of leadership abilities via sport. This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on n=472 (394 players; 78 officials) participated in the Inter-Regional u-23 Games, 2018 organized by the Directorate General of Sport, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A valid and reliable questionnaire was used for the collection of required data. The software package SPSS-24 was used to evaluate the collected data sets. Sports engagement has been found to play an important role in the expansion of leadership skills (p<.05) and the interrelationship between participation in sport and augmentation of leadership skills (.471 ** at 0.01). The inferential analysis revealed no significant difference between male and female players and coaches on the role of sport in the development of leadership skills (p > .05). However, significant differences were measured concerning the role of sport in developing important skills of leadership based on the respondents' sport experiences (p < .05). These findings can be attributed to the promotion of the sport proponents who argue that participation in sport is considered as an important tool that helps in developing important leadership skills among youth.