Suchergebnisse

The leaks made by Edward Snowden showed the world the existence of mass surveillance programs implemented by the United States and other allies. Such programs, supposedly, were aimed at the collection of information for the prevention and suppression of terrorism, but in practice involved unacceptable violations of the fundamental right to privacy not only of American citizens, but also of other nationalities. Various actors of the United Nations and other international organizations have responded by elaborating different reports that show concerns about the phenomenon of transnational surveillance of masses, and which seek to oppose the human rights discourse as a limit against interference to privacy. In this context, the Court of Justice of the European Union in the year 2015 delivered the Schrems sentence that reversed a decision of the European Commission on the safe harbor agreement governing the transfer of personal data from the European Union to the United States. This paper critically analyzes this sentence, because it offers interesting contributions to the protection of the rights to privacy and the protection of personal data, and has become a leading case of reference for the resolution of similar cases. ; Las filtraciones de Edward Snowden demostraron al mundo la existencia de programas de vigilancia masiva implementados por Estados Unidos y otros aliados. Tales programas, supuestamente, estaban dirigidos a la recopilación de información para la prevención y represión del terrorismo, pero en la práctica implicaron violaciones inaceptables al derecho fundamental a la privacidad no solo de ciudadanos estadounidenses, sino de otras nacionalidades. Diversos actores de las Naciones Unidas y otras organizaciones internacionales han reaccionado mediante la elaboración de informes que manifiestan una elevada preocupación por el fenómeno de la vigilancia transnacional de masas y que pretenden ensalzar el discurso de los derechos humanos como límite contra las injerencias en la privacidad. En este contexto, el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea pronunció en el año 2015 la sentencia Schrems que invalidó una decisión de la Comisión Europea sobre el Acuerdo de Puerto Seguro que regulaba la transferencia de datos personales desde la Unión Europea a Estados Unidos. Este trabajo analiza críticamente dicha sentencia, porque ofrece interesantes aportaciones para la protección de los derechos a la privacidad y la protección de los datos personales, habiéndose convertido en un leading case de referencia obligada para la resolución de casos similares.

International audience ; Huge interest in controlling and manipulating electromagnetic waves is recently and strongly evolving, mainly due to the growing demand of reliable technologies in several application fields, such as communications, healthcare, military and safety. Despite the plethora of technologies existing nowadays, limitations are still present, such as limited speed, low response control, narrow band-width, and large dimensions of electronic devices. In this scenario, new engineered materials with unprecedented electromagnetic properties (i.e., MetaSurfaces) can represent a very suitable technology solution. In this paper, a MetaSurface structure is modelled, designed, manufactured and experimentally tested, to be used in several applications. Specifically, results are presented for (i) advanced medical diagnostics, (ii) enhance communication signals along curvilinear paths (i.e., bend optical fibers) and (iii) cloaking applications. Experimental results reveal that the MetaSurface can fully manipulate and process electromagnetic waves at will. The proposed structure appears to be highly versatile and scalable, with great potential to be used for many other practical applications.

International audience ; Huge interest in controlling and manipulating electromagnetic waves is recently and strongly evolving, mainly due to the growing demand of reliable technologies in several application fields, such as communications, healthcare, military and safety. Despite the plethora of technologies existing nowadays, limitations are still present, such as limited speed, low response control, narrow band-width, and large dimensions of electronic devices. In this scenario, new engineered materials with unprecedented electromagnetic properties (i.e., MetaSurfaces) can represent a very suitable technology solution. In this paper, a MetaSurface structure is modelled, designed, manufactured and experimentally tested, to be used in several applications. Specifically, results are presented for (i) advanced medical diagnostics, (ii) enhance communication signals along curvilinear paths (i.e., bend optical fibers) and (iii) cloaking applications. Experimental results reveal that the MetaSurface can fully manipulate and process electromagnetic waves at will. The proposed structure appears to be highly versatile and scalable, with great potential to be used for many other practical applications.

The generation mix of Cyprus has been dominated by oil products for decades. In order to conform with European Union and international legislation, a transformation of the supply system is called for. Energy system models can facilitate energy planning into the future, but a large volume of data is required to populate such models. The present data article provides information on key modelling assumptions and input data adopted with the aim of representing the electricity supply system of Cyprus in a separate research article. Data in regards to renewable energy technoeconomic characteristics and investment cost projections, fossil fuel price projections, storage technology characteristics and system operation assumptions are described in this article.

Following preliminary feasibility studies which started at Legnaro National Laboratories (LNL) in 2011, the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN) research activities are underway aiming at the alternative, accelerator-driven,Mo99/Tc99mproduction routes. One of the most promising approaches is to use100Mo-enriched (i.e., >99%) molybdenum metallic targets, bombarded with high-beam-current, high-energy proton cyclotrons. In order to get a comprehensive map of radionuclides expected, a detailed theoretical investigation has been carried out using the TALYS-TENDL 2012 excitation functions extended up to (p,6n), (p,p5n), and (p,2p4n) levels. A series of quality parameters have thus been calculated both at the end of beam (EOB) and at longer times. Results point out that accelerator-99Mo is of limited interest for a possible massive production because of the quite low specific activity with respect to reactor-99Mo. Accelerator-Tc99mquality parameters (i.e., radionuclidic purity (RNP), isotopic purity (IP), and specific activities) calculated are instead quite close to the generator-Tc. Calculations at 15, 20, and 25 MeV have thus been performed to assess the best operative irradiation condition forTc99mproduction while minimizing both the short-lived and long-lived Tc contaminant radionuclides. Although present in minimum quantities, Tc contaminants may indeed have an impact either on the pharmaceutical labeling procedures or on contributing to patient radiation dose during the diagnostic procedures.