Suchergebnisse

AbstractThis article analyses the political economy of Henri Lefebvre's concept of 'state space' with specific attention directed towards the Monument to the Revolution in Mexico City, completed in 1938. The conditions of modernity can be generally related to the spatial ordering of urban landscapes within capital cities conjoining the specifics of national identity with imitative processes. Antonio Gramsci captured such sentiments through his understanding of the condition of 'passive revolution'. The key contribution of this article is to draw attention to forms ofeveryday passive revolution, recognising both cosmopolitan and vernacular aspects of modern architecture in relation to the Monument to the Revolution. A focus on the Monument to the Revolution thus reveals specific spatial practices of everyday passive revolution relevant to the codification of architecture and the political economy of modern state formation in Mexico. These issues are revealed, literally, as vital expressions in the architecture of everyday passive revolution in modern Mexico.

AbstractWithin the agenda of historical-materialist theory and practice Sociological Marxism has delivered a compelling perspective on how to explore and link the analysis of civil society, the state, and the economy within an explicit focus on class exploitation, emancipation, and rich ethnography. This article situates a major analysis of state formation, the rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), and the growth of a broader Islamist movement in Turkey within the main current of Sociological Marxism. It does so in order to critically examine the rather bold revision of the theory of hegemony at the heart of Cihan Tuğal'sPassive Revolution: Absorbing the Islamic Challenge to Capitalism, which posits the separate interaction of political society, civil society and the state in theorising hegemonic politics in Turkey. My contention is that the revision of hegemony that this analysis offers and its state-theoretical commitments are deeply problematic due to the reliance on what I term 'ontological exteriority', meaning the treatment of state, civil society and the economy as always-alreadyseparatespheres. The focus of the critique then moves toward highlighting a frustrating lack of direct engagement with Antonio Gramsci's writings in this disquisition on hegemony and passive revolution, which has important political consequences. While praise for certain aspects of ethnographic and spatial analysis is raised, it is argued that any account of the reordering of hegemony and the restructuring of spatial-temporal contexts of capital accumulation through conditions of passive revolution also needs to draw from a more sophisticated state theory, a direct reading of Gramsci, and broader scalar analysis of spatial relations and uneven development under capitalism.

Gramscis Theorie der passiven Revolution als Ausdruck der politischen Herrschaft des Kapitals ermöglicht ein Verständnis des Staatensystems im internalen Verhältnis zur kapitalistischen Moderne. Diese These ist Gegenstand der Überlegungen des Verfassers. Im ersten Abschnitt wird die Theorie der passiven Revolution als Ausdruck der politischen Herrschaft des Kapitals vorgestellt, womit das Augenmerk auf das Verhältnis zwischen Staatensystem und kapitalistischer Moderne gelegt und dadurch die Anerkennung des welthistorischen Kontextes der ungleichen Entwicklung mit dem prägenden Einfluss von Staaten verbunden wird. Im zweiten Hauptteil wird gezeigt, wie ein methodologisches Verständnis der passiven Revolution dabei helfen kann, gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen in postkolonialen Staaten nachzuzeichnen, wo die Sackgassen der Entwicklung üblicherweise jenen staatlichen Mechanismen zugeschrieben werden, die in der Entstehung des Kapitalismus die sogenannte ursprüngliche Akkumulation unterstützt hatten. Im Fazit wird die Theoretisierung der ungleichen Entwicklung im Allgemeinen und die Zweckmäßigkeit der Theorien Gramscis auf diesem Gebiet im Speziellen reflektiert. (ICE2)