Suchergebnisse

Many river landscapes around the world have been substantially transformed to enhance navigation, to produce energy and to enable agricultural production and settlement in former floodplain areas. While these changes have led to generally more uniform flow conditions, constant water tables and sharply defined embankments, they have given rise to several unintended challenges for society, for instance exacerbating floods, diminishing water quality and biodiversity loss. Rediscovery and reinventing nature-based solutions (NBS), i.e. activities inspired and supported by ecosystem processes to fulfill human and societal needs, are rapidly gaining popularity in science and policy. NBS promise to address challenges effectively and adaptively, simultaneously providing co-benefits for people and nature. However, substantial knowledge gaps still exist, particularly on planning and implementation practices, effectiveness and monitoring. Good practice examples are needed that showcase under which conditions NBS contribute to overcoming environmental, social and economic challenges and how such solutions can be successfully planned and realized in different contexts. Also, more research and practical experimentation is needed on how to integrate different disciplines and collaborate with various stakeholders and decision-makers. The aim of this session is to explore current frontiers of planning and implementing NBS in river landscapes. More specifically, we are interested in sharing insights and innovations regarding principles, barriers, and strategies for making NBS work in practice. More specifically, the session will feature contributions around three themes: i. Studies investigating the effectiveness of NBS towards ecological, social and economic outcomes. We will see contributions on ex-ante and ex-post evaluations of impacts of NBS, case studies and reviews of NBS benefits and costs, and comparisons between NBS and technical alternatives. Perspectives on distributional effects of NBS benefits across different actor groups will be addressed as well. ii. Studies exploring opportunities for successful planning and designing NBS. Which approaches have been used in inter- and transdisciplinary efforts to identify and spatially design NBS at local and regional scales? How can different knowledge systems be integrated in NBS planning processes, and how can results from NBS analyses be communicated and mainstreamed to provide useful knowledge for relevant stakeholders? iii. Studies shedding light on governance and business models for implementing NBS in different governance contexts and actor constellations. For example, how can we ensure adequate financing and funding, how can benefits and costs of NBS be distributed fairly, and how can government, civil society and business actors cooperate for NBS? The symposium is associated with two working groups. First, it relates to TWG 14 - Application of Ecosystem Services in Planning and Management. Second, the symposium will serve as an opportunity to re-launch ESP's Biome Working Group (BWG) 2b on Rivers and Lakes.

In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel eines ausgewählten metropolitanen Raums ein wissenschaftlich fundierter und zugleich praxisrelevanter Vorschlag für Indikatoren und Methoden zur Erfassung und Bewertung von Ökosystemleistungen mit Relevanz für die Flächennutzungs- und Landschaftsplanung unterbreitet. Die Forschungsfragen zielen auf geeignete Ökosystemleistungen, Indikatoren und Methoden sowie auf eine Bewertung der vorgeschlagenen Ökosystemleistungsindikatoren hinsichtlich der Datenverfügbarkeit und des Erhebungsaufwandes. Als Fallbeispiel dient der Ballungsraum Frankfurt/Rhein-Main. Das methodische Vorgehen besteht aus der Erarbeitung einer angepassten Indikatorenliste auf der Basis relevanter Vorarbeiten und einer expertenbasierten, anwendungsorientierten Evaluation. Die entwickelte Vorschlagsliste für den Ballungsraum Frankfurt/Rhein-Main umfasst insgesamt 27 Ökosystemleistungen mit jeweils einem oder mehreren Indikatoren. Die anwendungsorientierte Evaluation zeigt, dass in metropolitanen Räumen üblicherweise für fast alle Ökosystemleistungsindikatoren geeignete Daten vorliegen, die mit insgesamt moderatem, aber individuell unterschiedlichem Aufwand erhoben und bewertet werden können. Abschließend werden Empfehlungen für die Umsetzung in der Praxis gegeben.

Germany faces on-going degradation and biodiversity loss. As a consequence, goods and services provided by biodiversity for human well-being, so-called ecosystem services, are being lost. The associated economic costs and benefits are often unknown. To fill this gap, we conducted a literature review and developed a database of monetary values for the changes in ecosystem services that result from ecosystem change in Germany. In total, 109 monetary valuation studies of regulating and cultural ecosystem services were identified, with the majority focusing on forests and wetlands. In collaboration with valuation experts and the German Federal Environment Agency-Umweltbundesamt (UBA), we defined a set of criteria that economic valuation studies should meet in order to qualify for being used in decision making on national policies. Only 6 out of 109 valuation studies (5.5%) fulfilled the quality criteria for informing such decisions. Overall, monetary information on regulating and cultural ecosystem services is scattered and scarce compared to information on provisioning services, which is accounted for in detail in national statistics. This imbalance in information likely contributes to the distortion in land-use policies, giving preference to maximizing provisioning services in agricultural production and forestry, while neglecting the societal relevance of regulating and cultural services. Decision makers have to rely on only a few cost estimates that are scientifically robust, while being pragmatic to include also vague estimates in cases where data is lacking. The transferability of the monetary values included in our database depends on the biophysical and socio-economic site conditions as well as the decision context of the intended application. Case specific adjustments following guidance for benefit transfer are recommended. Given the lack of applicable studies, we call for more decision-relevant economic assessments. Even in cases where monetary estimates are available, we suggest decision makers to consider also other benefit information available to capture the multiple values ecosystems provide to humans.

Deutschlands Flusslandschaften stehen vor großen Herausforderungen: Der Klimawandel erhöht das Risiko von Überschwemmungen und Wasserdefiziten, gleichzeitig greifen menschliche Baumaßnahmen wie Flussbegradigungen, Stauungen, Trockenlegungen von Feuchtgebieten oder der Bau von Deichen massiv in die komplexen Ökosysteme ein. Heutige Flusslandschaften sind den zunehmenden Extremereignissen, der Ressourcenknappheit und dem Biodiversitätsverlust kaum gewachsen. Naturbasierte Lösungen für Flusslandschaften bieten konkrete und langfristige Umgangsmöglichkeiten mit diesen gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen, indem sie natürliche ökologische Funktionen fördern und nutzen. Die Nachwuchsforschergruppe PlanSmart stellt in diesem Handbuch die Grundlagen der Planung naturbasierter Lösungen in Flusslandschaften vor. Das Buch regt dazu an, über Umsetzungsmöglichkeiten für naturbasierte Lösungen nachzudenken, und kann als Leitfaden für die Planung und Realisierung dieser Lösungen dienen. Es gibt Auskunft über die einzelnen Planungsschritte und enthält praktische Methodensteckbriefe für eine bessere Umsetzung der einzelnen Schritte.