Suchergebnisse

The aim of this article is to discuss the contribution of the theory of differentiated integration to understanding Bologna as an instrument for building up the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), and to learn from that analysis what can be used to enrich the theory of differentiated integration. The analysis uses secondary data to grasp the national and the institutional appropriation of the Bologna process and to identify the dimensions that characterise the type of differentiated integration promoted by Bologna. The analysis underlines the role of national and institutional factors to understand how the EHEA, from its inception and its evolution, is a project of differentiated integration stemming from the translation of policy into action.

Intro -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- Notes on Contributors -- Abbreviations -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Introduction -- References -- Chapter 2: Equity in Higher Education: Evidences, Policies and Practices. Setting the Scene -- Definition of Equity -- Equity and Supranational Organisations -- Components of Equity -- Relative and Absolute Changes in Participation -- Massification and Diversification of the Systems -- Positional Goods -- Maximally Maintained Inequality (MMI) and Effectively Maintained Inequality (EMI) -- Discussion -- Tracking Systems -- The Selective Nature of Mathematics -- The Admission System -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 3: Access and Inequality in US Higher Education: Policy Issues -- Introduction -- US Financial Aid Policy -- Informational and Behavioural Constraints for Lower Income Applicants -- Affirmative Action Policies -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 4: The Persistence of Inequity in Brazilian Higher Education: Background Data and Student Performance -- Introduction -- Advances in Diversity of Enrolee Profiles: Only the Beginning -- Changes in Social Profiles of Graduates: Elitist Leftovers -- Performance of Graduates from Different Modes of Education: Quality Inequity -- Conclusion -- References -- Laws -- Chapter 5: Towards Equity: Developing a National Approach to Improving Social Justice through Higher Education in England -- Introduction -- The Compromise: Economic Returns and Social Justice -- The Drive for Social Justice in Europe -- Expansion, Diversity and the Struggle for Equity in England -- Research about Improving the Success of Traditionally Under-Represented Groups in Higher Education -- Students -- The Role of Higher Education Institutions -- The Role of the State -- National Approaches to Improving Success in Higher Education in England.

This book discusses and analyses global policies and practices aimed at promoting equity in higher education participation and attainment. Although the massification of higher education systems has facilitated the participation of students from deprived backgrounds, socioeconomic inequalities persist in access to the most prestigious institutions and programmes. Privileged students benefit from a number of advantages in the competition for selective and scarce places: access to information, lower aversion to debt, higher expectations, better previous schooling and higher academic achievement. The chapters present a critical analysis of equity policies in different countries – with or without affirmative action policies, within a context of neoliberal policies or within a social democratic model – and the reasons why they have failed to promote equity and fairness, preventing students from achieving their full educational potential. This is an open access book.

AbstractThe paper analyses whether the type of institution from which students graduate has an impact on their unemployment propensity. It uses official data on the Portuguese higher education system, for 2018, at the program/institution level, which provides information on graduate unemployment, as well as demographic and socioeconomic background information. A fractional probit model on graduates' propensity for unemployment is estimated. Results suggest that polytechnic graduates face higher unemployment propensity than university graduates, maintaining inequalities present in students' previous trajectories. Policies targeting socioeconomic segregation need to address not only access to higher education but also the transition to the labor market.

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