Suchergebnisse

Research suggests that scientists based at prestigious institutions receive more credit for their work than scientists based at less prestigious institutions, as do scientists working in certain countries. We examined the extent to which country- and institution-related status signals drive such differences in scientific recognition. In a preregistered survey experiment, we asked 4,147 scientists from six disciplines (astronomy, cardiology, materials science, political science, psychology and public health) to rate abstracts that varied on two factors: (i) author country (high status vs lower status in science); (ii) author institution (high status vs lower status university). We found only weak evidence of country- or institution-related status bias, and mixed regression models with discipline as random-effect parameter indicated that any plausible bias not detected by our study must be small in size.

Research suggests that scientists based at prestigious institutions receive more credit for their work than scientists based at less prestigious institutions, as do scientists working in certain countries. We examined the extent to which country- and institution-related status signals drive such differences in scientific recognition. In a preregistered survey experiment, we asked 4,147 scientists from six disciplines (astronomy, cardiology, materials science, political science, psychology and public health) to rate abstracts that varied on two factors: (i) author country (high status vs lower status in science); (ii) author institution (high status vs lower status university). We found only weak evidence of country- or institution-related status bias, and mixed regression models with discipline as random-effect parameter indicated that any plausible bias not detected by our study must be small in size.

The decriminalization of cannabis and the growing interest in cannabinoids as therapeutics require efficient methods to discover novel compounds and monitor cannabinoid levels in human samples and products. However, current methods are limited by the structural diversity of the active compounds. Here, we construct a G-protein coupled receptor-based yeast whole-cell biosensor, optimize it to achieve high sensitivity and dynamic range, and prove its effectiveness in three real-life applications. First, we screen a library of compounds to discover two novel agonists and four antagonists and demonstrate that our biosensor can democratize GPCR drug discovery by enabling low-cost high-throughput analysis using open-source automation. Subsequently, we bioprospect 54 plants to discover a novel phytocannabinoid, dugesialactone. Finally, we develop a robust portable device, analyze body-fluid samples, and confidently detect illicit synthetic drugs like "Spice"/"K2". Taking advantage of the extensive sensing repertoire of GPCRs, this technology can be extended to detect numerous other compounds.

The purpose of the project has been to identify how date labelling legislation on food is practised in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden and how the durability can be affected in the food supply chain. The project recommends enhanced guidance for manufacturers, retailers and consumers. When prolonging the durability of the product, the retail waste decreased significantly. The results show that the type of packaging gas and storage temperature is of great importance for the durability of food products. Consumer studies reveal a need for guidance on how long products may be eaten after opening of the package. The individual consumer needs clearer and more easily accessible information on different labelling, storage temperature and durability of products.

8021-00425B) to JSA, by a postdoctoral fellowship from FCT (SFRH/BPD/32323/2006) to CS and by iNOVA4Health—UID/Multi/ 04462/2013, a program financially supported by FCT/Ministério da Educação e Ciência, through national funds and co-funded by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This article is supported by the LYSOCIL project. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 811087. ; Rab and Arl guanine nucleotide-binding (G) proteins regulate trafficking pathways essential for the formation, function and composition of primary cilia, which are sensory devices associated with Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling and ciliopathies. Here, using mammalian cells and zebrafish, we uncover ciliary functions for Rab35, a multitasking G protein with endocytic recycling, actin remodelling and cytokinesis roles. Rab35 loss via siRNAs, morpholinos or knockout reduces cilium length in mammalian cells and the zebrafish left-right organiser (Kupffer's vesicle) and causes motile cilia-associated left-right asymmetry defects. Consistent with these observations, GFP-Rab35 localises to cilia, as do GEF (DENND1B) and GAP (TBC1D10A) Rab35 regulators, which also regulate ciliary length and Rab35 ciliary localisation. Mammalian Rab35 also controls the ciliary membrane levels of Shh signalling regulators, promoting ciliary targeting of Smoothened, limiting ciliary accumulation of Arl13b and the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase (INPP5E). Rab35 additionally regulates ciliary PI(4,5)P2 levels and interacts with Arl13b. Together, our findings demonstrate roles for Rab35 in regulating cilium length, function and membrane composition and implicate Rab35 in pathways controlling the ciliary levels of Shh signal regulators. ; publishersversion ; published