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Research exploring young people's views towards mental health is at an early stage of development. This paper reports findings from a qualitative study which used focus group discussions and individual interviews to explore young people's understanding of mental health and illness; the promotion of positive mental health; responses to negative feelings; and perceived differences between themselves and adults. An overview of previous research is provided in the introduction, followed by a description of the methods and sampling strategies used. The main findings are then presented. Finally, a number of implications have been drawn out which are commented on in the conclusions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Assuming a broad set of fisheries management goals, this paper analyzes the implementation of a marine protected area (MPA) together with open access outside, applying a bioeconomic model that ensures unchanged growth post-MPA. Taking into account that conservation and restoration, food security, employment and social surplus are amongst the objectives that many managers include in fisheries management, it is found that this broader welfare economic approach to MPAs may well recommend them to a greater degree than espoused in the more common resource rent focused studies carried out to date. It is shown that for overfished stocks, an MPA may yield resource protection, maximize harvests and increase consumer and producer surplus, as well as give higher employment. This, however, is less apparent for moderately overfished as well as highly migratory stocks. Resource protection and enhancement implicitly improves ecosystem services.

The introduction of the Landing Obligation (LO) is one of the most significant reform elements in the 2013 Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). In order to assess how the LO performs as a policy instrument, it is essential to understand the background, objectives and motivation that led to the policy being adopted. With these objectives in mind, a desk-study was first carried out to review relevant policy statements, regulatory documents and academic literature. Secondly, since the EU discard policy was driven by NGOs campaigns and public support, a subsequent analysis was performed based on interviews of key environmental NGOs on their perception of the LO, its objectives, goals and state of its implementation (from legislation to control and enforcement). This study of the views of environmental NGOs complements the perspectives of other stakeholders as captured in workpackage 4 (i.e. the "fishermen' story", the "scientists' story" and the "managers' story"), as well as work realised in workpackage 2 to monitor the changes of stakeholder perceptions in relation to the LO during its progressive application to European fisheries. Possible conflicts and trade-offs in the introduction of the LO were then assessed based on two different approaches: a policy study and on an ecosystem service perspective. The objective of the policy analysis was to enumerate and discuss the interlinkages between the different management measures taken to date to deal with the LO, in order to identifying its strengths and weaknesses and, at the same time, evaluate potential conflicts. Finally, the ecosystem service approach was used conceptually to map the services that may be affected by the discard policy and again to identify potential objective conflicts and trade-offs between the landing obligation and other policies, with a special focus on the CFP and the MSFD. The landing obligation was motivated by concerns of stock sustainability, a desire to avoid wasteful practices, and a need to improve the quality of fisheries data for stock ...

non-peer-reviewed ; Community mental health teams have their Irish origins both in the deinstitutionalisation policy of the 1984 "Planning for the Future" framework1 and the challenge of intervention and recovery strategies for acute episodic and enduring mental illness. In 1994, Corrigan et al.2 observed that rehabilitation produces a set of barriers that are best overcome by multi-disciplinary teams (MDTs). The multidisciplinary approach was again emphasised in the Government's 2006 policy document, 'A Vision for Change'3 and the Mental Health Commission's 2005 study on quality in mental health care4. The reality of the performance of such an approach, however, has not met stakeholder expectations, according to the Commission's discussion document on MDTs5. It states, that despite user access to such teams during the past 20 years, only a small number of well functioning MDTs are operating in the Adult Mental Health Services.