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Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Synopsis -- Introduction -- Constraints Facing Subnational Governments in the Implementation of Their Responsibilities -- Recommendations -- 1. Strengthen the Policy, Legal, and Regulatory Framework -- 2. Further Develop the Capacities of Subnational Governments -- 3. Promote Local Accountability and Transparency -- Subnational Governance in Mongolia: Institutional and Policy Context -- A. Institutional Structures -- 1. Subnational Government Institutions -- 2. Subnational Government Resources -- 3. Central Policy and Oversight Bodies -- 4. Accountabilities to Citizens and Civil Society -- B. Local Development Role for Subnational Governments in Mongolia -- 1. Policy Stance toward Decentralization -- 2. Overall Framework for Subnational Governance: Issues -- 3. The Role of Subnational Governments and the Levers of Local Public Action: Preview -- Subnational Governance and Service Delivery in Practice -- A. Service Delivery Spending Responsibilities -- 1. Legal Mandates -- 2. Spending Patterns in Practice -- 3. Budget Expenditure Norms -- B. Financing Resources -- 1. Own-Source Revenues -- 2. Fiscal Transfers -- 3. Subnational Government Resources and Equity Patterns -- C. Planning, Budgeting, and Delivery Procedures -- 1. Strategic and Medium-Term Planning -- 2. Annual Planning and Budgeting Preparation and Execution -- Broader Subnational Government Roles in Local Development -- A. Managing Urban Development -- 1. Challenges and Opportunities -- 2. Issues on Urban Management -- B. Governments Promoting Local Economic Development -- 1. Challenges and Opportunities -- 2. Issues in Local Economic Development -- C. Regulating Extractive Industries and Conserving the Environment -- 1. Context and Challenges.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Definitions and assumptions -- Abbreviations -- ADO 2020-Highlights -- Part 1 Asia reels from the COVID-19 outbreak -- After a difficult 2019, challenges mount -- The impact of COVID-19 on developing Asia-An update -- Annex: Tumbling global growth in a time of COVID-19 -- Part 2 What drives innovation in Asia? -- Innovating for inclusive and sustainable growth -- Landscape of innovation in Asia -- Fostering innovators and a culture of innovation -- Conducive institutions and environment for innovators -- Toward a more innovative Asia -- Part 3 Economic trends and prospects in developing Asia -- Central Asia -- Armenia -- Azerbaijan -- Georgia -- Kazakhstan -- Kyrgyz Republic -- Tajikistan -- Turkmenistan -- Uzbekistan -- East Asia -- Hong Kong, China -- Mongolia -- People's Republic of China -- Republic of Korea -- Taipei,China -- South Asia -- Afghanistan -- Bangladesh -- Bhutan -- India -- Maldives -- Nepal -- Pakistan -- Sri Lanka -- Southeast Asia -- Brunei Darussalam -- Cambodia -- Indonesia -- Lao People's Democratic Republic -- Malaysia -- Myanmar -- Philippines -- Singapore -- Thailand -- Timor-Leste -- Viet Nam -- The Pacific -- Fiji -- Papua New Guinea -- Solomon Islands -- Vanuatu -- Central Pacific economies -- North Pacific economies -- South Pacific economies -- Statistical appendix.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- List of Figures -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- About This Report -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Main Observations -- I. Introduction -- A. Taxation in the Aging Society -- B. Strengthening Revenue Mobilization with Rapid Urbanization -- C. Emerging Tax Issues from Sectoral Shifts -- D. Tax Policy for Promoting Competitiveness -- E. Digital Transformation of Revenue Bodies -- II. Tax Administration and Revenue Profile -- A. Tax Administration Setup and Performance -- B. Revenue Profile -- C. Management of Important Taxpayer Segments -- D. Tax Revenue Mobilization Plans -- III. Strengthening Revenue and Broadening the Tax Base -- A. Corporate Income Tax and Value-Added Tax -- B. Personal Income Tax Systems -- C. Subnational Taxation -- D. Social Security Contributions -- E. Crosscutting Issues -- IV. Responsive Tax Administration -- A. Reducing Compliance Costs -- B. Providing Certainty -- C. Increasing Trust and Perceptions of Professionalism -- V. Conclusion -- A. Short- and Medium-Term Policy Recommendations -- B. Long-Term Policy Recommendations -- C. Ways Forward for ADB Engagement in Southeast Asia -- Appendix: Country Tax Profiles -- Brunei Darussalam -- Cambodia -- Indonesia -- Lao People's Democratic Republic -- Malaysia -- Philippines -- Singapore -- Thailand -- Timor-Leste -- Viet Nam -- Appendix Notes and References -- Revenue Bodies -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction -- Rationale for the Report -- Defining a Framework for Sustainable Tourism -- 2 Pre-COVID-19: Tourism and Sustainable Development in Asia and the Pacific -- The Visitor Dimension -- The Industry Dimension -- Community and Culture -- The Environmental Dimension -- Enabling Factors -- 3 COVID-19 Impacts and Responses in Asia and the Pacific -- Decreased Travel Activity -- Economic Impacts -- Policy Responses -- 4 Expert Insights -- Impact of COVID-19 on Women in Tourism -- Impact of COVID-19 on the Pacific -- Reimagining a Transformation: The Future of Tourism in Thailand -- 5 Future Pathways and Opportunities -- Discipline-The Age of Technology -- Compete and Retreat-The End of Globalization? -- Unsettled-Crisis as the New Normal -- Transform-A Shift in Mindset -- 6 Recommendations for Decision-Makers -- Overview -- Value-Driven Tourism -- Decarbonizing Tourism -- Tourism-Led Regeneration -- Diversification -- Improving Tourism Governance -- Aligning Tourism Finance with Sustainability -- Appendix -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Maps -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- I. State of the Urban Sector -- Population and Urbanization -- Economy and Employment -- Regional Linkages -- Urban Governance and Sector-Relevant Institutions -- Housing -- Urban Infrastructure and Services -- Urban Environment and Livability -- II. Government Policies and Programs -- Urban Development Policies -- Implementation of Reforms and Investment Programs -- External Assistance -- III. Challenges for Sustainable Urbanization to 2030 -- Directing Future Urbanization -- Supporting Municipal Development -- Reforming Urban Planning -- Enabling Territorial Mobility -- Increasing Urban Housing and Infrastructure Supply -- Addressing Environmental Degradation and Climate Change -- IV. Making Uzbek Cities More Livable -- Competitive Cities -- Green and Resilient Cities -- Equitable and Inclusive Cities -- Opportunities for Further Engagement -- Appendixes -- 1. Population, Urban Population ('000), Rate of Urbanization in 2000, 2010, 2019, and Growth Projections to 2030 -- 2. Uzbekistan's Transport Corridors and Related Urban Nodes -- 3. Central Government Institutions -- 4. Legal Underpinnings of the Status of Municipalities -- 5. International Financial Institutions and Other Development Agencies-Investments in Urban and Urban-Related Sectors, 2011-2020 -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1 Data Disaggregation and the Sustainable Development Goal Indicators -- 1.1 What Is Data Disaggregation and Why Is It Important? -- 1.2 Disaggregation Dimensions for the Sustainable Development Goal Indicators -- 1.3 Developing a Strategy for Getting Disaggregated Data -- 2 Integrating Policy Demands on Inclusive Development with Data -- 2.1 The Policy-Data Nexus for Leaving No One Behind -- 2.2 Disaggregated Data: The Human Rights-Based Lens -- 2.3 Vulnerable Groups in the Sustainable Development Goals and Policy Priorities -- 2.4 Tools for Policy-Data Integration -- 3 Strengths, Potentials, and Limitations of the Sources of Disaggregated Data -- 3.1 Census -- 3.2 Sample Surveys -- 3.3 Administrative Reporting Systems -- 3.4 Small Area Estimation -- 3.5 Big Data, Geospatial Data, and Others -- 3.6 Data Integration -- 4 Analysis of Disaggregated Data in Aid of Leave No One Behind -- 4.1 Basics -- 4.2 Examining Multilevel Disaggregation -- 4.3 Equity Assessments and Disparity Analysis: Health Equity Assessment Toolkit -- 5 Reporting, Communicating, and Improving Use of Disaggregated Data -- 5.1 Reporting on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators -- 5.2 Communicating Data and Statistics on Sustainable Development Goals -- 5.3 Improving Use of Results of Multilevel Analysis -- 6. Producing and Using Disaggregated Data-from Potential to Possible -- 6.1 Barriers to Producing and Using Disaggregated Data -- 6.2 Areas Where Capacity Development Is Needed -- 6.3 Investing in Disaggregated Data -- 6.4 Systematic Assessment and Approach to Capacity Development -- Appendix -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Key Messages from Peer Reviewers -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- 1 Overview -- A. The COVID-19 Factor -- B. A Renewed Focus on the SDGs -- C. ADB's Approach to the SDGs -- D. SDG Bonds Could Provide Momentum for SDG Financing -- E. SDG Accelerator Bond -- 2 Types of Thematic Bonds -- 3 SDG Bonds -- A. Selected Precedents -- B. SDG Bonds Features -- C. SDG Bonds Funds Usage -- D. Alternative Approaches -- 4 Standards, Guidelines, and Frameworks -- A. The International Capital Markets Association -- B. The Climate Bonds Initiative -- C. The ASEAN Capital Markets Forum -- D. United Nations Standards -- E. Developing an SDG Bond Framework -- 5 SDG Accelerator Bonds: A New Concept -- A. Challenges to Financing the SDGs -- B. Sources of Funding for Sovereigns -- C. The Risk and Return Conundrum for Issuers -- D. The SDG Accelerator Bond -- 6 Building Momentum for the Road Ahead -- Appendixes -- 1 Selected Precedents-SDG Bonds -- 2 Examples of SDG Accounting in ADB SDG Indonesia One-Green Finance Facility Project in Indonesia -- 3 Corporate Bond Issuance Process -- References.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- Chapter 1: The Industry 4.0 Skills Challenge -- Industry 4.0 and the Relevance for Indonesia -- Industry Selection -- Food and Beverage Manufacturing Industry -- Automotive Manufacturing Industry -- Chapter 2: Overview of the Training Landscape -- Industry 4.0 Readiness -- Curriculum -- Industry Engagement -- Teachers, Trainers, and Instructors -- Performance and Policy Support -- Supply and Demand Mismatches -- Chapter 3: National Policy Responses -- Overview of Industry 4.0 Policy Landscape -- Assessment of Current Indonesian Policy Approaches Related to Industry 4.0 -- Chapter 4: The Way Forward -- The COVID-19 Effect -- Recap of Industry 4.0-Related Challenges Facing Indonesia -- Recommendations to Address Challenges -- Appendix: People and Organizations Engaged in Indonesia -- Bibliography.

Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables, Figures, and Boxes -- Foreword -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Weights and Measures -- Executive Summary -- ADB's Private Sector Operations AT A GLANCE -- Introduction -- Operational Results -- New Projects Committed in 2019 -- Portfolio of Projects under Implementation -- Projects by Sector, 2015-2019 -- Catalyzing and Mobilizing Cofinancing -- Contributions to Strategy 2030 Operational Priorities -- 1. Addressing Remaining Poverty and Reducing Inequalities -- 2. Accelerating Progress in Gender Equality -- 3. Tackling Climate Change, Building Climate and Disaster Resilience, and Enhancing Environmental Sustainability -- 4. Making Cities More Livable -- 5. Promoting Rural Development and Food Security -- 6. Strengthening Governance and Institutional Capacity -- 7. Fostering Regional Cooperation and Integration -- Other Approaches to Developing the Private Sector -- Widening Geographic Coverage -- Private Equity Funds to Extend Reach -- Strengthening the Finance Sector and Capital Markets -- Post-Completion Evaluation of Transactions -- Awards Received by ADB, Its Investees, and Transactions -- Measuring ADB's Private Sector Operations Contributions to the Sustainable Development Goals.

Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Tables and Maps -- Foreword -- I South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Overview -- II The South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation Operational Plan 2016-2025 -- III The 2018-2019 Prioritization Exercise -- IV The SASEC Operational Plan Priority Projects -- A. Transport -- B. Trade Facilitation -- C. Energy -- V Summary -- A. Transport -- B. Trade Facilitation -- C. Energy -- D. Summary -- Appendixes -- 1 SASEC Road Corridors for the SASEC Operational Plan -- 2 SASEC Railway Corridors for the SASEC Operational Plan -- 3 SASEC Ports for the SASEC Operational Plan -- 4 SASEC Airports for the SASEC Operational Plan -- 5 SASEC Operational Plan Transport Projects - By Country -- 6 SASEC Trade Facilitation Projects - By Country -- 7 SASEC Operational Plan Energy Projects - By Country.