Suchergebnisse

Die Verfasser zeigen in ihrer historischen Analyse, dass das Verhältnis zwischen Männern und Frauen und zwischen Eltern und Kindern auch von sozialen Faktoren abhängt. Viele Teile Europas und der Vereinigten Staaten zeigen ein hohes Maß an Übereinstimmung, was eine zunehmende Liberalisierung und die Akzeptanz verschiedener Lebensstile und der entsprechenden institutionellen Regulierungen angeht. Gleichzeitig wird jedoch auch klar, dass solche Liberalisierungsprozesse nicht automatisch zu einem Rollenwandel der Geschlechtsrollen führen müssen. Die Verfasser zeigen, dass die Wirtschaftsstruktur, die kulturelle Entwicklung und normative Erwartungen in einem gegebenen historischen Kontext Geschlechtsrollen, Partnerbeziehungen und Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen beeinflussen und in ein bestimmtes institutionelles Umfeld einbetten. Es erhebt sich die Frage, ob moderne Gesellschaften sich überhaupt zu Verdiener-Versorger-Gesellschaften entwickeln können. (ICE).

Aus Gründen der Datenverfügbarkeit legen die Verfasser den Schwerpunkt ihrer das 19. und 20. Jahrhundert betreffenden Untersuchung auf die zweite Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Kontinuität und Wandel in verschiedenen Dimensionen des sozialen und ökonomischen Lebens werden über zwei Jahrhunderte verfolgt: die Stellung der Familie in der Gesellschaft, die Institution Religion und die Kultur der Freiheit und Gleichheit. Der Beitrag verfolgt auch die Entwicklung der Familienverhältnisse, der Eheauflösung, den Prozess des geringen Aufkommens von Ehen, des Umwerbens und der eheähnlichen Gemeinschaften. Der geografische Fokus der Untersuchung liegt auf den USA. Obwohl die Ehe und das Familienleben unter Menschen auf einem starken biologischen Fundament basieren und universal zu sein scheinen, weisen die verschiedenen Weltkulturen eine große Anzahl verschiedener Familien- und Eheformen auf. (ICE2)

Describes a longitudinal study begun in 1962 in Detroit, MI, with a probability sample of 1,304 married white women who had borne a child the previous year. The study became intergenerational in 1980 as these children reached age 18 & were included in data collection. Interviews conducted with mothers & children through 1993 yielded a total of 8 waves of data, which are used to examine fertility preferences & patterns as a function of family characteristics, as well as to compare intergenerational patterns. Though results clearly documented the emergence of a "baby bust" in Detroit at the study's beginnings that replaced the postwar baby boom, in line with the fertility decline occurring in the rest of the US, they were less clear in identifying the determinants of this phenomenon. Changes in the study's goals & protocols over time to take account of larger social changes, eg, increases in the divorce rate & in women's labor force participation, are described, along with adjustments made when the research became intergenerational, eg, a shift in focus to the influence of maternal attitudes & behaviors on those of children. Special methodological issues inherent in the evolution of such long-term panel studies are considered. 56 References. K. Hyatt Stewart

Anthropological and other approaches to women's natal kin links demonstrate a relationship between these linkages and the reproduction of social inequality, in addition to noting implications for the social standing of women themselves. Few studies have, however, dynamically considered the simultaneous dimensions of individual history, community context, and interfamilial politics influencing such contact. Using data from two Tamang communities in Nepal, this article examines the impact of changing individual experience and interfamilial relations on home visits in the first year of marriage. Explicit attention is given to these forms of social action as a critical moment in the construction of social inequality. Informant testimony is combined with statistical analysis to demonstrate the salience of these natal visits in the early months of marriage for individual and wider social relationships. The visits are shown to be strongly related to the nature of interfamilial relations organized by marriage in addition to earlier life‐course experiences of women. Different community contexts, however, condition the direction of effects for these variables in ways consistent with enduring structures of relationship.

"This article presents analyses of data from a pilot study in Nepal that was designed to provide an initial examination of the errors and costs associated with an innovative methodology for survey data collection. We embedded a randomized experiment within a long-standing panel survey, collecting data on a small number of items with varying sensitivity from a probability sample of 450 young Nepalese adults. Survey items ranged from simple demographics to indicators of substance abuse and mental health problems. Sampled adults were randomly assigned to one of three different modes of data collection: a standard one-time telephone interview, a 'single sitting' back-and-forth interview with an interviewer using text messaging, and an interview using text messages within a modular design framework. Respondents in the modular group were asked to respond (via text message exchanges with an interviewer) to only one question on a given day, rather than complete the entire survey. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses demonstrate that the two text messaging modes increased the probability of disclosing sensitive information relative to the telephone mode, and that respondents in the modular design group, while responding less frequently, found the survey to be significantly easier. Further, those who responded in the modular group were not unique in terms of available covariates, suggesting that the reduced item response rates only introduced limited nonresponse bias. Future research should consider enhancing this methodology, applying it with other modes of data collection (e.g., web surveys), and continuously evaluating its effectiveness from a total survey error perspective." (author's abstract)

"Conducting survey interviews on the internet has become an attractive method for lowering data collection costs and increasing the frequency of interviewing, especially in longitudinal studies. However, the advantages of the web mode for studies with frequent reinterviews can be offset by the serious disadvantage of low response rates and the potential for nonresponse bias to mislead investigators. Important life events, such as changes in employment status, relationship changes, or moving can cause attrition from longitudinal studies, producing the possibility of attrition bias. The potential extent of such bias in longitudinal web surveys is not well understood. We use data from the Relationship Dynamics and Social Life (RDSL) study to examine the potential for a mixed-device approach with
active mode switching to reduce attrition bias. The RDSL design allows panel members to switch modes by integrating telephone interviewing into a longitudinal web survey with the objective of collecting weekly reports. We found that in this design allowing panel members to switch modes kept more participants in the study compared to a web only approach. The characteristics of persons who ever switched modes are different than those who did not - including not only demographic characteristics, but also baseline characteristics related to pregnancy and time-varying characteristics that were collected after the baseline interview. This was true in multivariate models that control for multiple of these dimensions simultaneously. We conclude that mode options and mode switching is important for the success of longitudinal web surveys to maximize participation and minimize attrition." (author's abstract)

Surveys provide crucial information about the social consequences of armed conflict, but armed conflict can shape surveys in ways that limit their value. We use longitudinal survey data from throughout the recent armed conflict in Nepal to investigate the relationship between armed conflict events and survey response. The Chitwan Valley Family Study (CVFS) provides a rare window into survey data collection through intense armed conflict. The CVFS data reveal that with operational strategies tailored to the specific conflict, duration of the panel study is the main determinant of attrition from the study, just as in most longitudinal studies outside of conflict settings. Though minor relative to duration, different dimensions of armed conflict can affect survey response in opposing directions, with bombings in the local area reducing response rates but nationwide political events increasing response rates. This important finding demonstrates that survey data quality may be affected differently by various dimensions of armed conflict. Overall, CVFS response rates remained exceptionally high throughout the conflict. We use the CVFS experience to identify principles likely to produce higher quality surveys during periods of generalized violence and instability.