Suchergebnisse

This study is the first to evaluate the appropriateness of the use of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) with African American college students. Two types of racial group differences on the SCL-90-R subscales are evaluated: (a) differences in symptom report for reasons unrelated to the severity of the subscale pathology and (b) differences in how the symptom is related to the subscale pathology. The sample consists of 70 African American and 66 Caucasian American students. On five items distributed across three subscales, there are group differences in how the symptom is related to the severity of the subscale, suggesting that the constructs of subscale pathology differ across groups. On one item, symptom severity differs across groups, for reasons unrelated to the severity of the specific subscale and, therefore, resulting in test bias. Findings support the use of the SCL-90-R with African American college students.

Ageism-Concept and Origins: Liat Ayalon & Clemens Tesch-Römer -- Ageism: The Relationship between Age Stereotypes and Age Discrimination: Peggy Voss & Klaus Rothermund -- Multiple Marginalizations Based on Age: Gendered Ageism and Beyond: Clary Krekula, Pirjo Nikander, & Monika Wilińska -- Origins of Ageism at the Individual Level: Sagit Lev -- Work Environment and the Origin of Ageism: Laura Naegele, Wouter De Tavernier & Moritz Hess -- Ageism and Age Discrimination in the Labour Market: A Macrostructural Perspective: Justyna Stypińska & Pirjo Nikander -- On the Manifestations and Consequences of Ageism: Liat Ayalon & Clemens Tesch-Römer -- Ageism in the Third Age: Angela Kydd, Anne Fleming, Sue Gardner, Patricia Hafford Letchfield -- Pathways from Ageism to Loneliness: Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra, Jonathan Shemesh, & Mary McDonnell/Naughton -- Ageism and sexuality: Ateret Gewirtz-Meydan, Patricia Hafford-Letchfield, Yael Benyamini, Amanda Phelan, Jeannie Jackson & Liat Ayalon -- Visual Ageism in the Media: Eugène Loos & Loredana Ivan -- Ageism and Older Immigrants: Pnina Dolberg, Sigurveig, Sigurðardóttir, & Ursula Trummer -- Ageism in the Health Care System: Providers, Patients, and Systems: Mary F. Wyman, Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra, and Jürgen Bengel -- Ageism in Medication Use in Older Patients: Daniela Fialová, Ingrid Kummer, Margita Držaić, & Marcel Leppee -- Ageism in Mental Health Assessment and Treatment of Older Adults: Mary F. Wyman, Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra, & Jürgen Bengel -- Ageism and Dementia: Simon Evans -- Ageism and Neuropsychological Tests: Boaz M. Ben-David, Gali Malkin, & Hadas Erel -- Against Ageism : Liat Ayalon & Clemens Tesch-Römer -- Ageism and Anti-Ageism in the Legal System: A Review of Key Themes: Israel Doron, Ann Numhauser-Henning, Benny Spanier, Nena Georgantzi, & Eugenio Mantovani -- The Council of Europe's Approach Towards Ageism: Barbara Mikołajczyk -- The European Union's Approach Towards Ageism: Nena Georgantzi -- Ageism and the Rights of Older People: Annika Taghizadeh Larsson & Håkan Jönson -- Educational methods using intergenerational interaction to fight ageism: María del Carmen Requena, Hannah J. Swift, Laura Naegele, Marc Zwambon, Susan Metz, Wilco P.H. Bosems, & Joost van Hoof -- Researching Ageism: Liat Ayalon & Clemens Tesch-Römer -- Normative, Empiricist, and Interpretive Considerations in the Ageism Research Process: Fredrik Snellman -- Ageism in a Cross-Cultural Perspective: Reflections From the Research Field: Monika Wilińska, Astrid de Hontheim, & Els-Marie Anbäcken -- Agisem in the European Region: Finding from the European Social Survey: Hannah J. Swift, Dominic Abrams, Sibila Marques, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Christopher Bratt, & Maria-Luisa Lima -- Measures of Ageism in the Labour Market in International Social Studies: Liili Abuladze, & Jolanta Perek-Białas -- Researching Ageism in Health-Care and Long Term Care: Sandra C. Buttigieg, Stefania Ilinca., José M. S. de Sao Jose, & Annika Taghizadeh Larsson -- Children's Attitudes toward Older People: Current and Future Direction: Joana Mendonça, Sibila Marques, & Dominic Abrams -- Researching ageism through discourse: Amanda Phelan

The stereotypical view of creativity as an emblem of youth, and old age as a signifier of decline can hold grave consequences for filmmakers in the second half of life, as this misconception can result in negative attitudes, a decline in media coverage, and less funding for film production. Thus, ageing male film directors might face a collisional intersection, when the gender-based status that provides social privileges, meets with older age-based status, which leads to social weakening. This qualitative study explored the means which male directors in the second half of life use to remain creative and make films in an ageist, vastly changing world. The study is based on a dataset of transcribed semi-structured interviews with 13 well-known Israeli male directors over the age of 55. The findings led to the formation of a model of creativity in older age, which consists of the following six pathways: inspiration, adaptation, innovation, preservation, circumvention and imagination. While some of the interviewed directors emphasized their ability to change and adapt to the new cinematic world, others adhered to their old filmmaking language. The understanding of the cinematic creation as based upon the art of storytelling was common among both "camps".

Research of the world of cinema often deals with the manner in which movies replicate the social balance of power, creating a symbolic order based on an essentially masculine world-view that puts the man at its center. The price women pay for this phallocentric approach – their persistent objectification in cinema, and the very small number of female screenwriters and directors – has become a much-discussed topic in contemporary research. However, the question of the price paid in the male artistic creation process has yet to receive the attention it deserves. This qualitative study addresses the lacuna in contemporary research, with reference to three metafictional films that focus on male directors, as an auteur for whom cinema is the pivotal center of their being: the Israeli film Peaches and Cream (2019, directed by Gur Bentwich), the Spanish film Pain and Glory (in Spanish: Dolor y gloria, 2019, directed by Pedro Almodóvar), and American film All That Jazz (1979, directed by Bob Fosse). They all are viewed as having an affinity with the ancient Greek comparison of male creativity with female procreativity, which is still reflected in contemporary studies. The films paint a picture of the male creative process shadowed by a sense of danger and loss of self. All three expose the feelings of anxiety inherent in film directors' work, and the possible resultant breakdown, not only in an emotional sense but in a real, potentially fatal physical or medical sense as well. In all three movies, the director conceives of his ability to restore his sense of inner wholeness and male identity in a manner that contradicts the conventional balance of power, while customary power-relations are revealed as another road to loss of identity and sense of self. Each of the films ties the director's ability to renew his sense of personal wholeness to developing a relationship with his surroundings, facilitated by audience appreciation, critical praise, or empathy from those close to him – all of which reinforce his feeling of belonging and significance. Without these aspects, the "absolute artist", whose life revolves around his art, is shown to be at death's door, whether symbolically or in reality.

We present a recent published study on the discursive construction of residential care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A critical discourse analysis was conducted on 54 news articles published between January 21 and May 8, 2020 in 3 leading American newspapers: The New York Times, USA Today, and The New York Post. Findings indicate that residents' voices are superseded by family members. Residential care is portrayed as shockingly dangerous, deceptive, and problematic. Blame is often assigned to an entity based on the political tendency of the newspaper. Findings and implications are discussed. Publication: Allen, L. D., & Ayalon, L. (2021). "It's Pure Panic": The Portrayal of Residential Care in American Newspapers During COVID-19. The Gerontologist, 61(1), 86–97. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnaa162

Abstract from publication: Background and Objectives This study examines the discursive construction of residential care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 3 leading American newspapers: The New York Times, USA Today, and The New York Post. Research Design and Methods A total of 54 news articles between January 21 and May 8, 2020 were identified from the LexisNexis academic database for analysis. The articles were analyzed using both a critical discourse analysis approach and a thematic analytical framework. Results Findings indicate that residents' voices are excluded and superseded by others, namely their family members. Literary elements were used to portray residential care as shockingly dangerous, deceptive, and problematic. Blame was often assigned to an individual or group according to the political tendency of the newspaper. Discussion and Implications A cultural model of panic and dishonesty begins to take shape through the COVID-19 pandemic. Fearmongering and the portrayal of residential care as lacking transparency will likely create future mistrust of the industry. The depiction of vulnerability and the illusion of resident inclusion in the news coverage enable paternalistic decision-making and care practices in the name of supposed protection.