Suchergebnisse

Objective This study investigated how children and young adults regulate their velocity when crossing roads under varying traffic conditions. Background To cross roads safely, pedestrians must adapt their movements to the moving vehicles around them while tightly coupling their movement to visual information. Method Using an Oculus Rift, 16 children and 16 young adults walked on a treadmill and intercepted gaps between two simulated moving vehicles in an immersive virtual environment. We varied the participants' initial distance from the curb to the interception point, as well as gap characteristics, including gap size and vehicle size. Results Varying the initial distance led to systematic adjustments in participants' approach velocities. The inter-vehicle gap and the vehicle size affected the crossing position induced by the initial distance. However, participants did not systematically scale their positions according to the initial distance in narrow gap. Notably, children did not finely tune their movements when they approached wide gap from a closer distance or when they approached the large vehicle from closer distance. Conclusion Children were less precise in coupling their movements to the moving vehicle in complex traffic environments. In particular, large moving vehicles approaching at closer distances can pose risks when children cross roads. Application These findings suggest the need for an intervention program to improve children's skill in perceiving larger vehicles and timing their movements when crossing roads. We suggest using an interactive virtual reality system to practice this skill.

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of various economic and social factors namely (foreign direct investment (FDI), energy consumption, exports, tourism, foreign remittances, human capital represented by educational expenditure and health expenditure) on economic growth represented by GDP per capita in Malaysia. Annual time series data during the period 1995–2015 and the Cobb-Douglas production function with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) based on various analytical tests are used for empirical investigation. The empirical results confirm that incoming foreign direct investment, human capital, energy consumption, and tourism are the main sources of economic growth in Malaysia during the period under study. Findings of the study suggest to initiate a motivational promotion for the inhabitant towards utilization of high competence technology, constructing solid policy for export promotion, creating conducive environment for inward foreign investment, introducing effective educational and health policies for further enhancement of the pace of economic growth.

Wine and glocal gastronomy in Mexico / Nava Jimenez -- Globalization and the code of ethics of tourism / António Queirós -- The end of tourism as we know it : neoliberalism, thana-capitalism and touring / Maximiliano Korstanje, Babu George -- Developing tourism sector with neoliberalism orientated strategies in countries with scarce financial resources : developing tourism sector with neoliberalism orientated strategies / Sumesh Dadwal -- Glocalisation and sustainable business solutions : business and environmental sustainability / Michael Fowowe -- Changing political environment in the West and its impact on international tourism / Muhammad Aazam -- Global innovation and local sustainability / Blessing George Adepoju -- Global tourism and the economic growth : what it means? / Blerton Hyseni -- The role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in tourism and hospitality : a case study of the Victoria Falls, Zambia / Rubina Moniz Vieira, Vipin Nadda -- Tourism's potential as an economic messiah : the case of South Africa / Unathi Sonwabile Henama

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of board diversity on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and the interaction effect of Shariah compliance of firms with religious and ethical principles.Design/methodology/approachA total of 65 firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) were selected. The data were collected from the companies' financial reports from 2012 to 2018 (n=455). The data were analyzed using fixed and random effects regression models to test the effect of board diversity on firms' CSR activities, while hierarchical moderated regression analysis was used to determine the moderating effects of Shariah compliance.FindingsThe study found evidence for a moderating effect of Shariah compliance on the relationship between board diversity and CSR activities. The findings suggest that a high level of Shariah compliance together with diverse educational backgrounds and presence of both genders among corporate members significantly promoted CSR activities.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study included the demographic variables, gender, ethnicity and education; but excluded language and culture. The results suggest that the Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan should attach more importance to Shariah compliance by firms in developing their CSR policies to improve social development and human well-being. Policy-makers should encourage more women to become directors on company boards and to increase philanthropic and charitable activities. These findings possess important implications for many Islamic countries irrespective of whether they are developed or developing.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge, this study provides the first empirical analysis of the relationship between CSR and board diversity from the perspective of Islamic Shariah law. The findings will contribute both theoretically and empirically to the existing body of knowledge.